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Nature Reviews Earth & EnvironmentMost of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered with firn — the transitional material between snow and glacial ice. Firn is vital for understanding ice-sheet mass balance and hydrology, and palaeoclimate. In this Review, we synthesize knowledge of firn, including its formation, observation, modelling and relevance to ice sheets.
Drews, Reinhard, Oraschewski, Falk M.
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Assessing firn water storage from a multi-data firn-model inversion
2022<p>The ESA 4DGreenland project has the objective of performing an integrated assessment of Greenland&#8217;s hydrology through maximizing the use of Earth observation (EO) data. However, as meltwater is activated on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet and percolates into the firn, the firn water storage and delayed runoff are ...
Sebastian B. Simonsen +4 more
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Cold Regions Science and Technology, 1999
Abstract It is the aim of the paper presented here to describe the creep behaviour of polar firn. To do so, creep tests under tension, compression and combined torsion–compression load were performed. The samples tested were examined to testify their structural properties and were classified to ensure comparability.
B. Meussen, O. Mahrenholtz, H. Oerter
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Abstract It is the aim of the paper presented here to describe the creep behaviour of polar firn. To do so, creep tests under tension, compression and combined torsion–compression load were performed. The samples tested were examined to testify their structural properties and were classified to ensure comparability.
B. Meussen, O. Mahrenholtz, H. Oerter
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Summit Firn Caves, Mount Rainier, Washington
Science, 1971Heat and steam from the crater fumaroles have melted over 5700 feet (1737 meters) of cave passage in the ice-filled east crater of Mount Rainier. The caves are in approximate balance with the present geothermal heat release. Future changes in the thermal activity of the summit cone will cause corresponding changes in cave passage dimensions, location ...
E P, Kiver, M D, Mumma
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Microstructural characterization of firn
Hydrological Processes, 2007AbstractIn this paper, we use a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with X‐ray spectroscopy and electron back‐scattered diffraction patterns to examine firn in cores retrieved by the United States International Trans‐Antarctic Scientific Expedition.
I. Baker +3 more
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Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1981
Folds in firn on glaciers of the Gilkey Trench, Alaska, have been observed during years of heavy snowfall and reduced ablation. The firn folds were formed by up-buckling and decollement resulting from intense lateral shortening within the underlying glacier ice.
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Folds in firn on glaciers of the Gilkey Trench, Alaska, have been observed during years of heavy snowfall and reduced ablation. The firn folds were formed by up-buckling and decollement resulting from intense lateral shortening within the underlying glacier ice.
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Antarctic firn thickness variations from multi-mission satellite altimetry and firn modelling
2023On interannual to decadal timescales, surface mass balance (SMB) exerts an important control over variations in the overall mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). A proper characterization of this variability is required to determine statistically significant long-term trends in SMB in a robust manner.
Maria T. Kappelsberger +7 more
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Science, 2008
Estimating ice sheet mass changes from elevation surveys requires adjustments for snow density variations at the ice sheet surface.
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Estimating ice sheet mass changes from elevation surveys requires adjustments for snow density variations at the ice sheet surface.
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