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Correlating Downward Flame Spread Rates for Thick Fuel Beds
Combustion Science and Technology, 1983Flame spread rates are presented for polymethylmethacrylate fuel beds as a function of gravitational acceleration and ambient pressure and oxygen concentration. The data are correlated by plotting a dimensionless spread rate that is a measure of the heat transferred forward of the flame, required to sustain the flame, compared to the maximum possible ...
R. A. ALTENKIRCH +2 more
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Combustion Science and Technology, 2019
A burn angle is defined as the acute angle subtended by the pyrolyzing surface with the virgin fuel surface and is an easily measurable overall characteristic parameter of flame spread, just like f...
L. Carmignani, S. Bhattacharjee
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A burn angle is defined as the acute angle subtended by the pyrolyzing surface with the virgin fuel surface and is an easily measurable overall characteristic parameter of flame spread, just like f...
L. Carmignani, S. Bhattacharjee
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Flame structure and flame spread rate over a solid fuel in partially premixed atmospheres
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011Abstract We have investigated the downward flame spread over a thin solid fuel. Hydrogen, methane, or propane, included in the gaseous product of pyrolysis reaction, is added in the ambient air. The fuel concentration is kept below the lean flammability limit to observe the partially premixing effect. Both experimental and numerical studies have been
Kazuhiro Yamamoto +2 more
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Geometrical Effects on Flame Spread Rate for Wildland Fine Fuels
Combustion Science and Technology, 1993Abstract It has long been common practice for firefighters to test wildfire potential by lighting single strands or leaves (sheltered from the wind) and observing the rate of spread. This paper discusses single-element fire spread and its potential as a method for determining fine- fuel moisture content and for estimating the likely rate of spread ...
P.R.A. LYONS, R.O. WEBER
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Flame Spread Rates Over Methanol Fuel Spills
Combustion Science and Technology, 1985Abstract Flame spread rates over pooled methanol and pooled gasoline were compared with flame spread rates over a porous surface saturated with these fuels. If the surface temperature was above the fuel flashpoint, the flame spread rate over a fuel-soaked porous surface was the same as for pooled fuel. Just below the flashpoint, flame spread was slower
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Influence of Fuel-Air Ratio on Horizontal Flame Spread Rates
Heat Transfer: Volume 2, 1997Abstract Flame spread along horizontal surfaces in the presence of a forced convective airflow depends primarily upon the transfer of radiant energy to downstream surfaces from a flame front that is tilted in the direction of flow. The soot in the flame serves as the primary source of radiation but the soot that emerges from the flame ...
Charles D. Litton, Charles C. Hwang
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Effect of Environmental Variables on Flame Spread Rates in Microgravity
45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2007This paper reports 2D CFD-based computer modeling of opposed flow flame spread over thick samples of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Model predictions are compared with experimental data from normal-gravity experiments at multiple forced flow velocities and KC-135 parabolic flight microgravity experiments.
Chris Lautenberger +3 more
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Opposed-flow flame spread in microgravity-theoretical prediction of spread rate and flammability map
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005Abstract The spread rate formulas of de Ris in the thermal regime of opposed-flow flame spread are inarguably the most well-known formulas in the flame spread literature. Similar easy-to-use formulas are lacking in all other regimes of flame spread.
Subrata Bhattacharjee +3 more
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Flame spread and burning rates through vertical arrays of wooden dowels
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019Abstract Fuel loads in real-world fire scenarios often feature discrete elements, discontinuities, or inhomogeneities; however, most models for flame spread only assume a continuous, homogeneous fuel. Because discrete fuels represent a realistic scenario not yet well-modeled, it is of interest to find simple methods to model fire growth first in ...
Lin Jiang +5 more
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Effects of carbon nanotubes on flame spread rate over 1-propanol
Fire Safety Journal, 2005Abstract This paper discusses the potential for thermally conductive nanoparticles to reduce flame spread velocities over fuel dispersion mixtures. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in 1-propanol at levels above the mixture's percolation limit, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4, 8, and 12 wt%, and tested in a rectangular fuel tray and a shallow pan
Mohamed I. Hassan +3 more
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