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Influence of Fuel-Air Ratio on Horizontal Flame Spread Rates
Heat Transfer: Volume 2, 1997Abstract Flame spread along horizontal surfaces in the presence of a forced convective airflow depends primarily upon the transfer of radiant energy to downstream surfaces from a flame front that is tilted in the direction of flow. The soot in the flame serves as the primary source of radiation but the soot that emerges from the flame ...
Charles D. Litton, Charles C. Hwang
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Correlating Downward Flame Spread Rates for Thick Fuel Beds
Combustion Science and Technology, 1983Flame spread rates are presented for polymethylmethacrylate fuel beds as a function of gravitational acceleration and ambient pressure and oxygen concentration. The data are correlated by plotting a dimensionless spread rate that is a measure of the heat transferred forward of the flame, required to sustain the flame, compared to the maximum possible ...
R. A. ALTENKIRCH +2 more
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Flame spread over inclined electrical wires with AC electric fields [PDF]
Combustion and Flame, 2017 Flame spread over polyethylene-insulated electrical wires was studied experimentally with applied alternating current (AC) by varying the inclination angle (θ), applied voltage (VAC), and frequency (fAC).
Sun Ho Park, Jeong Park, Osamu Fujita
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Investigation of the structure and spread rate of flames over PMMA slabs
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018Abstract Experimental and numerical investigations of upward and downward flame spread over flat polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs are presented here. Experiments have been carried out using PMMA slabs of different thickness in the range of 1.6 mm–5.4 mm.
H.R. Rakesh Ranga +9 more
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Estimation of heat release rate based on analysis of flame spread behavior in mattresses
Fire and Materials, 2023AbstractTo investigate the fire danger of mattresses, combustion experiments were conducted with a mattress installed at different heights above the floor to better understand their combustion behavior. The installation height was varied because the height of a mattress varies depending on the bed frame, and the combustion behavior is expected to ...
Kye‐Won Park +3 more
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Prediction of the steady flame spread rate by the principle of minimal entropy production
Combustion Theory and Modelling, 1999The propagation of a two-dimensional diffusive flame over a combustible material is studied by solving steady-state conservation equations written in the coordinate system fixed on the flame front. The analysis of a two-dimensional problem featuring flame spread rate as an eigenvalue has shown that there is no unique solution relative to the flame ...
A Karpov, A Galat, V Bulgakov
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Bounds for Downward Flame Spread Rate in Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments
Combustion Science and Technology, 2011De Ris formulae for the flame spread rate over solid fuels that propagate against an external fluid flow for both the thermally thin and thick regimes have become well-known. In some cases, it is expected that predictions from these formulae will fail since they are independent of parameters that may modify the burning velocity.
Toni Pujol, Bruna Comas
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Flame spread and burning rates through vertical arrays of wooden dowels
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019Abstract Fuel loads in real-world fire scenarios often feature discrete elements, discontinuities, or inhomogeneities; however, most models for flame spread only assume a continuous, homogeneous fuel. Because discrete fuels represent a realistic scenario not yet well-modeled, it is of interest to find simple methods to model fire growth first in ...
Lin Jiang +5 more
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Effects of carbon nanotubes on flame spread rate over 1-propanol
Fire Safety Journal, 2005Abstract This paper discusses the potential for thermally conductive nanoparticles to reduce flame spread velocities over fuel dispersion mixtures. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in 1-propanol at levels above the mixture's percolation limit, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4, 8, and 12 wt%, and tested in a rectangular fuel tray and a shallow pan
Mohamed I. Hassan +3 more
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Flame spread and heat release rate model for a burning mattress
1996A model has been developed to calculate the heat release rate of a mattress by a gas burner at the centre of the upper surface. The model describes flame spread of an ignition front radially outwards from a cylindrical flame at the centre. The heat release rate is calculated using the data obtained from cone calorimeter tests at an irradiance of 35 kW ...
Kokkala, Matti, Baroudi, Djebar
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