Results 171 to 180 of about 261,917 (292)

Local and regional factors influencing historical forest fires in eastern Fennoscandia. [PDF]

open access: yesPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Tariyal G, Flury R, Kouki J, Aakala T.
europepmc   +1 more source

A Review of Overcurrent Protection in Smart Grids Under Cyber‐Physical Threats With a Cyber‐Physical Evaluation Framework

open access: yesEnergy Science &Engineering, EarlyView.
By manipulating current and voltage measurements, an assailant can induce unwanted relay action while attempting to avoid detection. Detecting advanced cyber intrusions in power protection environments requires specialised data analysis and anomaly detection methods.
Feras Alasali   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Forced Draught Impact on Externally Venting Flames: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation

open access: yesFire and Materials, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Wind can significantly influence fire development and spread in urban and forest environments causing fatal consequences for the public, the first responders, and the environment. Wind‐driven fires can have a significant impact on structural fires as wind can increase the fire's intensity, development, and flame spread.
Anoop Subramania Warrier   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cedar Façade Flame Spread With Respect to Sidewall

open access: yesFire and Materials, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT In response to growing energy conservation and carbon neutrality efforts, façade systems incorporating wooden materials have attracted increasing attention, which in turn raises concerns about their combustibility. This study presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation of flame spread along cedar façades.
Xukun Sun   +6 more
wiley   +1 more source

Char Layer Thickness Evolution During Structural Timber Fire Experiment and Final Density Profile

open access: yesFire and Materials, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT This paper evaluates several non‐destructive experimental methods for determining the char layer thickness and its density profile in structural timber samples exposed to standard ISO 834 fire curve experiments. Microwave echo pulse, ultrasonic echo pulse, X‐ray computed tomography, and resistance drilling were evaluated.
Fernando Pérez Pérez   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Influence of Adhesive Type on Heat Induced Delamination in Tension Loaded Shear Lap Cross‐Laminated Timber Samples Exposed to Radiant Heat Flux

open access: yesFire and Materials, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Heat induced delamination (HID) is a phenomenon in engineered wood products which may result in the detachment of the bonded timber lamellae before charring propagates to the bond line interphase. This study aims to correlate the thermal degradation of two 1‐c‐polyurethane adhesives at the microscale to the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical behaviour of
A. Čolić   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

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