Results 281 to 290 of about 3,254,640 (359)

Racial Disparity in Formal Social Control

open access: closedJournal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2008
Prior research on racial disparities in arrest rates has been limited by an almost exclusive focus on two explanatory models, an inattention to the mediating processes identified in leading theories, and a relative neglect of nonindex crimes, for which police discretion is greater.
Graham C. Ousey, Matthew R. Lee
semanticscholar   +4 more sources

Collective Sanctions and Compliance Norms: A Formal Theory of Group-Mediated Social Control [PDF]

open access: closedAmerican Sociological Review, 1990
The link between external sanctions and intragroup normative control is examined to distinguish the conditions under which the two control systems augment or weaken one another. I construct a dynamic rational choice model that incorporates essential features of the sanction/norm link.
Douglas D. Heckathorn
semanticscholar   +3 more sources

Modernization, formal social control, and anomie: A 45-society multilevel analysis

open access: closedInternational Journal of Comparative Sociology, 2017
This article investigates how economic modernization affects normative regulation by spurring formal social control in the political, economic, and private spheres as well as anomie. Multilevel negative binomial regression modeling, using World Values Survey and country-level data from 2005, predicts individual-level anomie using country-level formal ...
Christopher Swader
semanticscholar   +4 more sources

Culture and Formal Social Control: The Effect of the Code of the Street on Police and Court Decision-making

open access: closedJustice Quarterly, 2016
Objectives. Drawing on several interrelated lines of scholarship, we argue that cultural beliefs at individual and neighborhood levels may affect police and court decisions. We hypothesize that individuals who more strongly adhere to the code of the street or reside in areas where the street code culture is more strongly embraced will be more likely to
Daniel P. Mears   +3 more
semanticscholar   +4 more sources

A Letter from China: Social Control in China -- A Formal or an Informal Mechanism?

open access: closedCrime Prevention and Community Safety, 2001
Many think that formal social control refers to a criminal justice system in which there are rather many state organs/agencies (eg, police, courts, prisons) to maintain public order, while informal social control refers to the broader social system. This paper argues that China has traditionally established a social control system by making use of the ...
Taiping Ho
semanticscholar   +5 more sources

Reliance on Formal Written Law, and Freedom and Social Control in the United States and the People's Republic of China

open access: closedThe British Journal of Sociology, 1975
The use of formal written law is highly developed in the United States (U.S.). Agents of the state publish innumerable substantive rules as to how people shall and shall not act, and procedural rules as to how agents of the state shall react to transgressions of the substantive rules.
Harold E. Pepinsky
semanticscholar   +4 more sources

Two models of formal social control

Journal of Criminal Justice, 1984
In recent years there has been an increasing concern with the link between judicial decisions and the socio-political attributes of the environment in which courts function. Little attention has been paid to the link between attorneys' advice and that same court environment. This study fills the gap. In this paper two models of formal social control
Margaret Platt Jendrek
openaire   +3 more sources

Drug Diffusion and Social Change: The Illusion about a Formal Social Control

The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 1994
Abstract: Evolution of the Italian penal legislation on illicit drugs. The ‘autonomous’ evolution of the spread of drugs and the lack of substantial response to the attempts at legal control. Structural socio‐economic change in the country. The connection between this change and the spread of drugs.
L. Solivetti
openaire   +4 more sources

Crime in Cities: The Effects of Formal and Informal Social Control

Crime and Justice, 1986
This study examines the structural determinants of robbery and homicide offending in 171 American cities with a population greater than 100,000 in 1980. A macro-level social control model is presented that focuses on the consequences for formal and informal social control of police aggressiveness, jail incarceration risk, state incarceration, and ...
R. Sampson
openaire   +3 more sources

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