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The Perception of Vowel Formants
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1952Synthetic vowel sounds, formed by electrical excitation of resonant circuits by a regular series of impulses, have been used as stimuli in a group of psychophysical experiments. The experiments include measurements of just noticeable differences (JNDs) in formant frequency and in band width for the synthetic sounds with one and two resonances, and with
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The ?telephone effect? on formants: a response
Forensic Linguistics, 2002This article is a response to Hermann Künzel's article ‘Beware of the telephone effect”: the influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies’ (Forensic Linguistics 8(1), 80–99). There, he shows convincingly that the evaluation of formant frequencies, notably F1, is affected by the band-pass filter effect of telephone ...
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A neuronal formant synthesizer
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 1996Speech synthesis by rule has made considerable advances and it is being used today in numerous text-to-speech synthesis systems. Current systems are able to synthesise pleasant-sounding voices at high intelligibility levels. However, because their synthetic speech quality is still inferior to that of fluently produced human speech it has not found wide
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Formant-Frequency Variation and Its Effects on Across-Formant Grouping in Speech Perception
2013How speech is separated perceptually from other speech remains poorly understood. In a series of experiments, perceptual organisation was probed by presenting three-formant (F1+F2+F3) analogues of target sentences dichotically, together with a competitor for F2 (F2C), or for F2+F3, which listeners must reject to optimise recognition.
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Diphthong Formants and their Movements
Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1962Anthony Holbrook, Grant Fairbanks
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Formant Estimation and Tracking
2008This chapter deals with the estimation and tracking of the movements of the spectral resonances of human vocal tracts, also known as formants. The representation or modeling of speech in terms of formants is useful in several areas of speech processing: coding, recognition, synthesis, and enhancement, as formants efficiently describe essential aspects ...
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On the Normalization of Formant Data
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1951The characteristic pattern of a vowel, described by the envelope of its frequency spectrum or by the corresponding loudness pattern on the basilar membrane, is chiefly dependent on the positions of the formant frequencies in the particular scale that is being used.
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Text to speech synthesizer-formant synthesis
International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering, 2017Sneha Lukose, S. Upadhya
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A Psychophysical Investigation of Vowel Formants
Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1961Patti Grubb, Grant Fairbanks
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