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Fuel Saving Four-Stroke Engine Oil for Motorcycles
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2006<div class="htmlview paragraph">Energy conserving performance by engine oils is required even for motorcycles from the viewpoint of environmental issues. The fuel efficiency of passenger car engine oils has been improved through lower viscosity and usage of friction modifiers.
Moritsugu Kasai, Katsuhiko Nakajima
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Common Rail Injection for Marine Four-Stroke Engines
Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components, 2002Common rail injection is not a new idea. For example Sulzer was running tests with a mechanical common rail system as early as 1915. Also the idea of an electronically controlled injection system is more than three decades old. At the moment common rail injection is state of the art for trucks and diesel passenger cars.
Daniel Paro, Dave Jay
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Exhaust Emissions from Four-Stroke Lawn Mower Engines
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 1997Emissions were characterized from 10 four-stroke lawn mower engines. The ages of the engines ranged from new to 15 years, and each was tested using two gasoline fuels: a 1990 national average blend and a reformulated gasoline. Reformulated gasoline usage resulted in lower organic and carbon monoxide emissions that contributed to lower reactivity ...
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Development of Ports of Four Stroke Diesel Engines
2019Fresh air is breathed in and products of combustion are exhaled by the inlet and exhaust ports. The efficiency of air flow is given by the flow coefficient. The flow is turbulent for most of the period and avoiding recirculation zones improves the flow.
Nagaraj S. Nayak, P. A. Lakshminarayanan
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Review of thermoelectric generation for internal combustion engine waste heat recovery
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2022Nicolae Vlad Burnete +2 more
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Combustion engine applications of waste tyre pyrolytic oil
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2021Maciej Mikulski +2 more
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Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2022Noah W Sokol +2 more
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