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Optimizing injector nozzle configuration for high efficiency and low emissions in diesel engines fueled with biodiesel and n-butanol blends. [PDF]

Sci Rep
Kumar NS, Barik D, Velmurugan S, Dennison MS, Dinesh A, Rajendran S, Alekseevich VP.   +6 more
europepmc   +1 more source

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Perspectives on fuel ethanol consumption and trade

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2008
Abstract Since the year 2000 or so there has been a rapid growth on fuel ethanol production and consumption, particularly in US and Brazil. Ethanol trade represented about 10% of world consumption in 2005, Brazil being the main exporter. The most important consumer markets—US and European Union (EU)—have trade regimes that constrained the comparative
Arnaldo Walter, Frank Rosillo-Calle
exaly   +2 more sources

Use of biodiesel fuel as a blending component of trade diesel fuels

2019
In this work, biodiesel fuel is synthesized from various agricultural oils. Mixtures of petroleum diesel / biodiesel in various ratios are prepared. The main regulated characteristics of the obtained blends are determined. The expediency of using biodiesel as a blending component of trade diesel fuels is shown.
Belozertseva, N.E., Balzhanova, A.T., Sosnina, D.V., Torchakova, O.M.   +3 more
openaire   +1 more source

European trade in forest products and fuels

Journal of Forest Economics, 2010
Abstract The purpose has been to determine to what extent differences in net trade and revealed comparative advantage between EU member states could be explained by differences in forest endowments, domestic demand, energy policies and other country specific characteristics.
openaire   +1 more source

Wood fuel trade in European Union

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011
Abstract Wood fuels are the most important alternatives of fossil fuel which is one of the reasons of the climate changes in the world and of global warming. Wood fuels, which have an important role in the cause of both providing energy requirement of production units and heating for household and healing energy deficit, disperse very less CO2 than ...
Kadri Cemil Akyüz, Yasin Balaban
openaire   +1 more source

Trade Impacts of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

World Trade Review, 2020
AbstractThis article introduces the various trade impacts of fossil fuel subsidies. There are large direct and pass-through trade impacts. Direct trade impacts are found when producer subsidies affect the markets for crude energy products such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
openaire   +1 more source

International wood-fuel trade – an overview

Energy for Sustainable Development, 2006
Biomass is becoming a strategic resource of energy. Fuel-wood and charcoal, together with other biofuels such as bagasse, provide 10-15 % of the world total annual primary energy consumption. They are mainly used for the production of thermal energy in both developing countries (DgCs) and developed countries (DdCs).
Bengt Hillring, Miguel Trossero
openaire   +1 more source

Futures trading and fuel adjustment clauses

Journal of Regulatory Economics, 1996
Despite many criticisms and potential problems, wide-spread and, in many cases, long-standing use of fuel adjustment clauses (FACs) continues. This paper proposes replacing use of the FAC mechanism with permission to allow the utility to hedge its fuel price risk(s) in the futures markets.
Donald Lien, Lihong Liu
openaire   +1 more source

Evolution of global fossil fuel trade dependencies

Energy, 2022
P Zhou
exaly  

European Wood-Fuel Trade

2000
B. Hillring, J. Vinterbäck
openaire   +1 more source