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Assessing impacts and responses to global-mean sea-level rise
2007One of the more certain impacts of human-induced climate change is a rise in global-mean sea level (Nicholls and Lowe, 2004). While the impacts of this sea-level rise are confined to coastal areas, these include the most densely populated land areas on Earth and they support important and productive ecosystems that are sensitive to sea-level change ...
Nicholls, Robert J. +2 more
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Global Mean Sea-level Changes in the Last Two Millennia
2021<p>Instrumental records show that global mean sea level (GMSL) rose by approximately 15 cm in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century, with estimates of contributing factors suggesting the major components are ocean thermal expansion and melting of continental ice sheets and glaciers.
Nidheesh Gangadharan +3 more
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Global Mean Sea Level Variations from TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data
Science, 1995The TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter mission has measured global mean sea level every 10 days over the last 2 years with a precision of 4 millimeters, which approaches the requirements for climate change research. The estimated rate of sea level change is +3.9 ± 0.8 millimeters per year.
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Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970
Nature Climate Change, 2016Sea-level change is an important consequence of anthropogenic climate change, as higher sea levels increase the frequency of sea-level extremes and the impact of coastal flooding and erosion on the coastal environment, infrastructure and coastal communities(1,2).
Aimée B. A. Slangen +5 more
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Precise mean sea level measurements using the Global Positioning System
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1994This paper describes the results of a sea level measurement test conducted off La Jolla, California, in November of 1991. The purpose of this test was to determine accurate sea level measurements using a Global Positioning System (GPS) equipped buoy.
Thomas M. Kelecy +3 more
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Global mean sea level higher than present during the Holocene
2023Global mean sea-level (GMSL) change can provide insight on how ice sheets, glaciers, and oceans respond to warming[1;2]. The Holocene (11.7 ka to present) marks a time when temperatures may have exceeded early industrial (1850 CE) values[3]. Evidence from Greenland[4] and Antarctica[5;6] indicates that both ice sheets retreated inland of their present ...
Roger Creel +5 more
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Inferring the global mean sea level from a global tide gauge network
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2011An attempt is made to infer the global mean sea level (GMSL) from a global tide gauge network and frame the problem in terms of the limitations of the network. The network, owing to its limited number of gauges and poor geographical distribution complicated further by unknown vertical land movements, is ill suited for measuring the GMSL. Yet it remains
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Inherent uncertainties within altimetric Global Mean Sea Level time series
2018Inherent uncertainty measures are provided for GMSL time series obtained as from altimetric sea surface height observations. For this purpose sea surface height (SSH) fields, simulated by the high resolution STORM/NCEP model for the period 1993 - 2010, are taken as the reference to define a true global mean sea level (GMSL).
Scharffenberg, Martin, Stammer, Detlef
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Impact of Pacific Ocean Variability on Global Mean Sea Level
2017The impact of interannual to decadal variability on sea level has been heavily investigated in recent years. Particular focus has been put on the relationship between the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and interannual variability in global mean sea level (GMSL). The positive correlation between well-known ENSO indices and detrended GMSL has led to
Cheon, Se-Hyeon +3 more
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The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level’s (PSMSL) global mean sea level dataset 
The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) is the internationally recognised global sea level data bank for long term sea level change information from tide gauges, responsible for the collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data.Chanmi Kim +2 more
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