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An Overview of Criminal Provisions Responding to Hate Speech in Turkish Law
Journal of Legal Studies, 2023 There are several reports and cases that demonstrate the clear increase of hate speech in Turkey through media and especially on social media against some national and religious minorities, asylum seekers, refugees, and LGBTQ.
Aydın Devrim
doaj +1 more source
European Journal of Social Psychology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Although social psychological research on how people understand collective victimization often examines comparisons between groups’ suffering, studies on related concepts (e.g., collective trauma) suggest numerous other relevant beliefs. The present article aimed to integrate diverse collective victimization beliefs and contribute to their ...
Johanna Ray Vollhardt +5 more
wiley +1 more source
European Court of Human Rights : Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania [PDF]
, 2020 In a case about hate speech against homosexuals on Facebook, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered an important and well-documented judgment (of 61 pages.) The ECtHR found that the Lithuanian authorities have violated the European ...
Voorhoof, Dirk
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Online hate speech victimization: consequences for victims’ feelings of insecurity
Crime ScienceThis paper addresses the question whether and to what extent the experience of online hate speech affects victims’ sense of security. Studies on hate crime in general show that such crimes are associated with a significantly higher feeling of insecurity,
Arne Dreißigacker +3 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
The Risk of Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection
Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019 We investigate how annotators’ insensitivity to differences in dialect can lead to racial bias in automatic hate speech detection models, potentially amplifying harm against minority populations.
Maarten Sap +4 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Reclaimed Homophobic Hate Speech Backfires: Desensitization and Mood Deterioration
European Journal of Social Psychology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Reclaimed hate speech is generally seen as a positive phenomenon by minority groups and, to some degree, by majority groups. However, previous research has not examined whether it might produce harmful effects similar to traditional hate speech.
Dominik Puchała +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Why 'hate speech' and 'hate preachers' are distinct phenomena [PDF]
, 2018 Using the term 'hate preachers' to describe jihadist extremist speakers is problematic, writes Katharine Gelber, with serious implications for counter-terrorist policymaking.
Gelber, Katharine
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Digital Rights Activism in Multilevel Governance
European Policy Analysis, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Multilevel governance (MLG) without a clear hierarchical structure can create power imbalances among various actors, particularly in settings with overlapping jurisdictions and policy areas. This dynamic is especially pronounced in Internet governance, which faces a complex interplay of domestic laws, state interdependence, and heightened ...
Alison Harcourt
wiley +1 more source
Analyzing the Targets of Hate in Online Social Media
, 2016 Social media systems allow Internet users a congenial platform to freely express their thoughts and opinions. Although this property represents incredible and unique communication opportunities, it also brings along important challenges.
Benevenuto, Fabricio +4 more
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Freedom of speech and hate speech : before and today [PDF]
, 2015 In both American and European academic debates on the legal nature of hate speech arguments of historical-legal character are frequently overlooked. In fact, hate speech is not a contemporary “invention”.
Dziadzio, Andrzej
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