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Surface heating by transvaginal transducers

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2007
AbstractObjectiveThis safety study was designed to investigate tissue heating close to the surface of transvaginal ultrasound transducers, with the objective of assessing the validity of manufacturing safety standards set by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).MethodsThe transducers investigated in this study were held in contact with a
J, Calvert, F, Duck, S, Clift, H, Azaime
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Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2006
Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHEs) are commonly used in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries for heat transfer, crystallization, and other continuous processes. They are ideally suited for products that are viscous, sticky, that contain particulate matter, or that need some degree of crystallization.
Chetan S, Rao, Richard W, Hartel
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Surface heating by induction

Electrical Engineering, 1944
Induction heating offers a method for heating of electrical conductors such as steel, brass, graphite, by exposing them to a varying magnetic field. The application of induction heating to melting, forging, surface hardening, and other uses is becoming increasingly common, resulting in a mounting interest for a physical concept of the heating effect ...
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Pulsative heating of surfaces

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1998
Abstract Laser repetitive pulse heating is one of the research fields in laser heating of engineering surfaces. The effect of assisting gas jet on the laser heating process is usually omitted in the previous studies. The present study examines the gas jet assisted laser repetitive pulse heating of steel surfaces.
Shuja, S. Z., Yilbas, B. S.
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Heat transfer over a stretching surface with variable surface heat flux

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 1998
Heat transfer over a stretching surface with variable surface heat flux and uniform surface heat flux subject to injection and suction is examined. The boundary layer equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations, containing an injection parameter I, velocity exponent parameter M, heat flux exponent parameter and Prandtl number .
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Surface Heat Pumping

1966
Refrigeration has been of great interest to man for generations, mostly for food preservation involving relatively small temperature differences. Recently, however, there have evolved many other applications for a great variety of other temperatures.
W. E. Gifford, R. C. Longsworth
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On the Surface Heat of Charging

Physical Review, 1927
Calculation of the surface heat of charging for pure metals, for oxide coated metals and for monatomic films.\char22{}Two methods are pointed out for calculating the theoretically necessary reversible heat development or absorption accompanying the charging of the surface of a conductor.
Lewi Tonks, Irving Langmuir
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Surface Heat Exchangers

Aeronautical Quarterly, 1976
Among the many problems which face airframe manufacturers, cooling is certainly one of the most important, particularly as a special watch must be kept on the type of solution to be adopted, since the lowest fuel penalty must be incurred in flight.
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