Results 91 to 100 of about 2,554,850 (230)

The “costly son” hypothesis: Sons exacerbate obstetrical dilemmas in humans and other mammals

open access: yesThe Anatomical Record, EarlyView.
Abstract Human childbirth has often been considered uniquely difficult among mammals, yet recent evidence suggests that obstructed labor and fetopelvic disproportion are widespread across placental mammals. Here, we propose the “costly son” hypothesis: because male offspring are typically larger at birth, they impose greater obstetric risk on mothers ...
Nicole D. S. Grunstra   +1 more
wiley   +1 more source

Sacral Orientation in Hominin Evolution

open access: yesAdvances in Anthropology, 2013
Sagittal sacral orientation within the pelvic girdle of humans is a key component of posture and obstetrics. On the one hand, sacral orientation has direct influence on the lumbar curvature; while on the other hand, it has an impact on the dorsoventral dimension of the birth canal. In this study, we aim to explore the evolution of sacral orientation in
Ella Been   +3 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Super volcano eruptions and their impact on hominin evolution

open access: yes, 2015
Discussions relating to super-volcanic eruptions (Volcanic Explosivity Index 7-8+) and their impacts on hominin evolution tend to focus on eruptions that occurred within the last 100 kya and specifically relate to the impact on modern humans or ...
Firth, C., Cole, J.
core  

Carrion ecology: concepts, interdisciplinary synthesis, and perspectives

open access: yesBiological Reviews, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Carrion is a ubiquitous resource in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, yet it has long been overlooked in ecological research. Over the past two decades, studies on carrion and the many organisms that exploit it have flourished, revealing not only wide‐ranging ecological functions but also significance far beyond ecology.
Marcos Moleón   +38 more
wiley   +1 more source

Impacted Bones: Can Extant Primates Help Identify Tool Use in Early Hominins? [PDF]

open access: yesEvol Anthropol
ABSTRACT Despite recent advances pushing back the earliest record of tool use, how and when it first emerged in hominins, and the extent to which it featured amongst the numerous co‐existing species, remain critical questions in paleoanthropology. In addition to analyzing fossils and lithic toolkits, novel strides in understanding this might be made by
Hurwitz RM   +3 more
europepmc   +2 more sources

Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa [PDF]

open access: yes, 2015
Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa.
Deane, A.   +348 more
core   +1 more source

Stable isotope analysis of freshwater gastropod carbonates from Swanscombe: Insights into climate stability and seasonality during MIS 11c

open access: yesJournal of Quaternary Science, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Stable isotope analyses of freshwater mollusc carbonate can record environmental conditions at the time of mineralisation, yet this technique remains underused in British Middle Pleistocene fluvial sequences, despite the abundance of fossil shell material in these deposits.
Jennifer E. Sherriff   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

The evolution of hominin bipedalism in two steps

open access: yesNature
Bipedalism is a human-defining trait1-3. It is made possible by the familiar, bowl-shaped pelvis, whose short, wide iliac blades curve along the sides of the body to stabilize walking and support internal organs and a large-brained, broad-shouldered baby4-6. The ilium changes compared with living primates are an evolutionary novelty7. However, how this
Gayani Senevirathne   +18 more
openaire   +2 more sources

Dental enamel hypoplasia and intra‐tooth isotope records as indicators of physiological stress and environmental variability in Early Pleistocene hippopotamids from Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia)

open access: yesJournal of Quaternary Science, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT Enamel hypoplasia results from temporary disruptions of enamel deposition during tooth development. It is widely used as an indicator of physiological stress in archeological and paleontological contexts; yet, its relationship with environmental conditions during tooth formation remains poorly constrained.
Giuseppe Briatico   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

No gain from pain: Lack of nociceptor activation suggests no adaptation for defence in the evolution of European viper venoms

open access: yesFunctional Ecology, EarlyView.
Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Abstract Snake venoms show variability in composition at all taxonomic levels, both within and between species, and the selective pressures underlying this variation have long been debated.
Bálint Üveges   +17 more
wiley   +1 more source

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