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Chapter 3 - Problems in estimating fuels consumed in buildings: fuel requirements of hypocausted baths (Fuel and Fire in the Ancient Roman World: Towards an integrated economic understanding)

, 2019
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Svenska fynd av hypocaust-plattor från medeltiden

, 1954
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Characteristic parameters of a hypocaust construction

Building and Environment, 1998
Abstract Hypocaust, an ancient Roman concept for keeping the inside of buildings warm, has been explained with a survey of a few modern buildings based on these concepts and using solar heat employing a number of design variations. Results expressed in terms of energy requirements per m2 of floor area per degree day comes out to be minimum (15.4 kJ m−
N.K. Bansal, null India
exaly   +2 more sources

Evaluation of hypocaust heating of buildings

International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1999
SYNOPSIS Hilly areas usually need heating for comfort inside the building. Passive techniques such as direct gain, Trombe wall and the solarium can be incorporated for space heating. These techniques have already been studied in detail and are well understood.
N K Bansal
exaly   +2 more sources

Sergius Orata: Inventor of the Hypocaust?

Phoenix, 1996
ties of the mysterious entrepreneur Sergius Orata, though various other comments and anecdotes help fill out the picture to some degree.l On the basis of these scattered notices, some postulate that Orata invented the hypocaust, the system of underfloor heating used in Roman baths, and therefore occupies a central role in the early history of the ...
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How the Romans got themselves into hot water: temperatures and fuel types used in firing a hypocaust

Environmental Archaeology, 2009
AbstractThe remains of hypocausts are noted as being widespread throughout the Roman Empire but, whereas the structure of hypocaust systems has been widely documented, primary knowledge of operating temperatures is limited. The petrographic technique of reflectance microscopy is used here to quantify cell wall reflectance values for charcoals from the ...
Zoe Hazell, Andrew Cunningham Scott
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A Note on The Roman Hypocaust, the Korean On-dol, and the Chinese Kang

Architectural Science Review, 1987
The Romans developed the hypocaust in the first century BC as a suspended floor supported on columns, which was heated by hot flue gases produced by a furnace at one end and exhausted by a chimney at the other. Later the flues were channelled under the floor and eventually passed through flues in the walls to heat also the vertical surfaces.
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Differentiation of Hypocaust and Floor Tiles at Coriglia, Castel Viscardo (Umbria, Italy) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Portable X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry

Applied Spectroscopy, 2012
Portable X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry was used to collect elemental data for in situ hypocaust tiles and floors at an archaeological excavation site near Orvieto, Italy. Data obtained from 2009 to 2011 using three different XRF instruments are compared.
Mary Kate Donais, Bradley P Duncan
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