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A Century of Kurdish Politics, 2018
In the years preceding the independence referendum held in the KRG in September 2017, the relationship between Ankara and Erbil had blossomed, based on commerce, energy exports, a shared antipathy towards Baghdad and towards the PKK, and interlocking ...
Bill Park
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In the years preceding the independence referendum held in the KRG in September 2017, the relationship between Ankara and Erbil had blossomed, based on commerce, energy exports, a shared antipathy towards Baghdad and towards the PKK, and interlocking ...
Bill Park
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Religion and the Scottish Independence Referendum
The Political Quarterly, 2013The Scottish independence referendum debate, like the Act of Union of 1707, has significant religious dimensions. The Act gave special recognition through the monarch to the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Church, a national church, has not yet declared a position on independence, but is seeking to protect its existing privileges whatever the ...
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Democracy, Realism and Independence Referendums
2020The chapter analyses the factors conducive to recognizing independence referendums. After a tour d’horizon of the history of referendums on independence and a summary of the legal position, the chapter argues that independence referendums are most likely to be implemented when this in the interest of the three Western Powers on the UN Security Council.
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Referendums on Independence, 1860–2011
The Political Quarterly, 2014There have been more than 50 independence referendums since the middle of the 19th Century when Texas, Virginia and Tennessee—albeit unsuccessfully—voted to leave the USA. A handful of plebiscites were held in each decade after 1945, but most independence referendums were held after the break‐down of communism.
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The Scottish Independence Referendum 2014
Journal of Law and Society, 2014On 18 September, in a historic referendum, the people of Scotland voted by 55.3 per cent to 44.7 per cent to remain in the United Kingdom. This article provides an immediate response. It is inevitably provisional and broadbrush in character and cannot cover all of the varied and conflicting perspectives on the referendum and its consequences; it is ...
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Plebiscitarianism Revisited: A Typology of Independence Referendums
Canadian Journal of Political Science, 2021AbstractThis article explores the strategic functions of independence referendums. These referendums are normally framed as popular decisions on statehood over a certain territory. However, I argue that the popular will does not always have the decisory function that plebiscitarian theories suggest.
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Kurdish–Iraqi state conflict (de‐)escalation following the independence referendum
Digest of Middle East Studies (DOMES), 2021Hawre Hasan Hama
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Independence referendums in international law
2022Daniel Moeckli, Nils Reimann
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