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The pathogenesis of influenza in humans
Reviews in Medical Virology, 2001AbstractThe rapid evolution of influenza A and B viruses contributes to annual influenza epidemics in humans. In addition, pandemics of influenza are also caused by influenza A viruses, whereas influenza B does not have the potential to cause pandemics because there is no animal reservoir of the virus. Study of the genetic differences between influenza
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Avian influenza and human health
Acta Tropica, 2002Natural infections with influenza A viruses have been reported in a variety of animal species including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, mustelids and birds. Occasionally devastating pandemics occur in humans. Although viruses of relatively few HA and NA subtype combinations have been isolated from mammalian species, all 15 HA subtypes and all 9 NA ...
Ilaria, Capua, Dennis J, Alexander
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Predicting the Evolution of Human Influenza A
Science, 1999Eighteen codons in the HA1 domain of the hemagglutinin genes of human influenza A subtype H3 appear to be under positive selection to change the amino acid they encode. Retrospective tests show that viral lineages undergoing the greatest number of mutations in the positively selected codons were the progenitors of future H3 lineages in 9 of 11 recent ...
R M, Bush +4 more
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Avian–human influenza epidemic model
Mathematical Biosciences, 2007A mathematical model is proposed to interpret the spread of avian influenza from the bird world to the human world. Our mathematical model warns that two types of the outbreak of avian influenza may occur if the humans do not prevent the spread of avian influenza. Moreover, it suggests that we cannot feel relieved although the total infected humans are
Iwami, Shingo +2 more
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Annual Review of Medicine, 2006
Influenza A viral infection causes substantial annual morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly for infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. The virus mainly replicates in the respiratory tract and is spread by respiratory secretions. A growing concern is the recent identification of H5N1 strains of avian influenza A in Asia that were ...
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Influenza A viral infection causes substantial annual morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly for infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. The virus mainly replicates in the respiratory tract and is spread by respiratory secretions. A growing concern is the recent identification of H5N1 strains of avian influenza A in Asia that were ...
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‘Ravages of Influenza’: The Human Cost of Influenza in Ireland
2021This chapter examines two distinct aspects of the pandemic in Ireland, how and where did influenza enter Ireland? What was the human cost to the country? It explores theories about the origin of this global pandemic and considers how and where influenza entered Ireland as well as theories on factors contributing to the dispersal of the disease ...
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Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten, 2006
Human influenza is one of the most common human infectious diseases, contributing to approximately one million deaths every year. In Germany, each year between 5.000 and 20.000 individuals die from severe influenza infections. In several countries, the morbidity and mortality of influenza is greatly underestimated.
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Human influenza is one of the most common human infectious diseases, contributing to approximately one million deaths every year. In Germany, each year between 5.000 and 20.000 individuals die from severe influenza infections. In several countries, the morbidity and mortality of influenza is greatly underestimated.
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Avian-Human Reassortant Influenza A Viruses Derived by Mating Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1984Reassortant influenza A viruses were produced by mating an avian virus (A/Mallard/NY/78, A/Mallard/Alberta/78, or A/Pintail/Alberta/79) with a wild-type human influenza A virus. From each mating a reassortant virus was obtained that contained the genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the human influenza A wild-type ...
B R, Murphy +8 more
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Recombination of human influenza A viruses in nature
Nature, 1980In 1977, a unique event occurred in the epidemiology of influenza when a virus of the influenza A (H1N1) subtype, similar to a virus that had occurred in 1950, reappeared and caused worldwide epidemics but did not replace the prevailing influenza A (H2N2) subtype.
W J, Bean, N J, Cox, A P, Kendal
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Avian influenza viruses in humans.
Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2009Past pandemics arose from low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. In more recent times, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, LPAI H9N2 and both HPAI and LPAI H7 viruses have repeatedly caused zoonotic disease in humans. Such infections did not lead to sustained human-to-human transmission. Experimental infection of human volunteers and
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