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T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities
T cell exhaustion limits immunotherapy efficacy. This article delineates its progression from stem‐like to terminally exhausted states, governed by persistent antigen, transcription factors, epigenetics, and metabolism. It maps the exhaustion landscape in the TME and proposes integrated reversal strategies, providing a translational roadmap to overcome
Yang Yu +7 more
wiley +1 more source
In hypoxic microenvironment, WNT5A is predominantly secreted by tumor‐associated macrophages. Hypoxia‐induced WTAP mediates ROR1 stability by m6A modifications in a HuR‐dependent manner in Glioma stem cells (GSCs). WNT5A activates the WNT pathway via ROR1 binding on GSCs, driving glioma‐derived endothelial cells (GDECs) differentiation.
Xiaoyong Chen +15 more
wiley +1 more source
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3
, 1994In plasma and other biological fluids insulinlike growth factors are bound to a family of structurally homologous binding proteins (IGFBPs).
J. Seth
semanticscholar +2 more sources
Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-3 (IGFBP-3).
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2015The IGF system comprises two IGFs (IGF-1, IGF-2), two IGF-receptors (IGF-R1, IGF-R2), and six IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) with a high affinity for IGFs. The IGFBPs, of which IGFBP-3 is the most abundant in postnatal blood, link with IGFs and prevent them from being degraded; they also facilitate IGF transport through body compartments.
M. B. Ranke
semanticscholar +3 more sources
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
Springer Reference Medizin, 2019M. Bidlingmaier
semanticscholar +2 more sources
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1996
Objective To investigate circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) and IGFBP‐3 in the mother and the fetus in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia, and the relationship between serum levels of IGFBPs and fetal birthweight.Design A prospective study over an 18 month period.Setting A tertiary care ...
H S, Wang +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Objective To investigate circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) and IGFBP‐3 in the mother and the fetus in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia, and the relationship between serum levels of IGFBPs and fetal birthweight.Design A prospective study over an 18 month period.Setting A tertiary care ...
H S, Wang +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2000
A recent report suggested that men with vertex balding have higher levels of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The association of its major carrier protein, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), with male pattern hair loss has not been examined.We evaluated the relations of plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with ...
E A, Platz +3 more
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A recent report suggested that men with vertex balding have higher levels of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The association of its major carrier protein, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), with male pattern hair loss has not been examined.We evaluated the relations of plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with ...
E A, Platz +3 more
openaire +2 more sources
Bovine lactoferrin binds to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3
Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2003Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been shown to have IGF independent actions that appear to be mediated by specific IGFBP-3 binding proteins located on cell membranes. We show here using Western ligand blotting, a number of mammary membrane proteins that bind 125I-labeled rhIGFBP-3.
C R, Baumrucker +2 more
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Cellular Actions of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3
1994Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays a major role in regulating growth of cells in vivo and in vitro (1). IGF-I initiates metabolic and mitogenic processes in a wide variety of cell types by binding to specific type I IGF receptors in the plasma membrane (2).
C A, Conover +3 more
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Insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 inhibits growth of experimental colocarcinoma
Surgery, 2004We have previously shown that an important cell growth regulatory protein, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is depleted in peripheral blood after open--but not laparoscopic--surgery. We have also demonstrated that IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis of human colon cancer cells in vitro.
Irena, Kirman +3 more
openaire +2 more sources

