Results 21 to 30 of about 47,140 (260)
從法律觀點談信用卡系統之成本與效益 ― 以澳洲信用卡制度改革為例 The Cost and Efficiency of Credit Card Schemes ― A Comparative Study on the Australian Regulatory Reform for Credit Card [PDF]
Kējì Fǎxué Pínglùn, 2006 隨信用卡使用之廣泛與普及，有關競爭法問題也漸受重視。本文擬就其中與成本定價相關之二大議題進行討論，其一為交換費用（Interchange fees）之制訂與衍生相關競爭法議題，其二為禁止特約商店額外收取信用卡使用費（no surcharge rule）之適法性討論，及其分別對經濟體付款制度之影響。 本文主要以澳洲政府近年來有關信用卡支付系統之改革為主要範本，旁及美國、歐盟等檢討現況，並進一步再就相關問題提出個人分析與評論。交換費用之聯合制訂有其必要性，由廠商分別締約反有礙信用卡作業效率 ...
林育廷 Yu-Ting Lin
doaj
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits racially disparate rates of disease progression. Black people with MS (B‐PwMS) experience a more severe disease course than non‐Hispanic White people with MS (NHW‐PwMS). Here we investigated structural and functional connectivity as well as structure–function decoupling in the ...
Emilio Cipriano +11 more
wiley +1 more source
Low Incidence of Relapses After Vaccination in Anti‐Aquaporin‐4 Antibody‐Positive NMOSD
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may experience increased signs and symptoms of their underlying disease when vaccinated against meningococcal disease before receiving complement component 5 inhibitor therapies. This retrospective analysis indicated an overall low relapse incidence (mean [range], 3.3% [0.7%–10.6 ...
Sean J. Pittock +4 more
wiley +1 more source
The very relevant market.Case comment to the judgment of the Court of Appeals in Warsaw of 22 April 2010 – Interchange fee(Ref. No. VI ACa 607/09) [PDF]
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, 2011 Although almost five years have gone by since the issue of the first decision of the President of the Polish Office for Competition and Consumer Protection (in Polish: Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów; hereafter, UOKIK) regarding multilateral ...
Katarzyna Tosza
doaj
Interchange Fee – Competitiveness of Payment Instruments [PDF]
, 2013 Purpose of the article: This study describes the markets of payment instruments. It focuses mainly on the systems of credit and debit cards. Authors identify key moments in theory used in this dilemma, called Tourist Test.
Heralecký, Tomáš, Sládková, Jitka
core
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objective Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) is an AAV9‐based gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA I). Real‐world outcomes show increased response variability compared to clinical trials, and follow‐up data beyond 12–18 months are limited.
Marika Pane +43 more
wiley +1 more source
Dimethyl Fumarate, But Not Rituximab, Reduces Serum GFAP Levels and PIRMA in Relapsing–Remitting MS
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objective Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) levels are believed to reflect mainly acute and chronic disease processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), respectively. In this study, we investigated whether dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and rituximab (RTX) differentially affect these biomarkers.
F. Shawket +14 more
wiley +1 more source
The role of the interchange fee in card payment systems [PDF]
, 2012 The interchange fee applied in four-party card systems transfers incomes in the payment card business from merchants to cardholders. Assessment of the interchange fee and the interpretation of its role have prompted serious professional debate in recent ...
Keszy-Harmath, Éva +4 more
core
Aquaporin‐4 in Narcolepsy Type 1: Investigation of Perivascular Fluid Movement in Sleep Disorders
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by the loss of hypocretin‐1 leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Additionally, disrupted nighttime sleep has become an increasingly recognized feature of NT1. As the glymphatic fluid movement has been linked to sleep architecture, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4 ...
Jonas Ranke +5 more
wiley +1 more source
Regulating two-sided markets: an empirical investigation [PDF]
We study the effect of government encouraged or mandated interchange fee ceilings on consumer and merchant adoption and usage of payment cards in an economy where card acceptance is far from complete.
Carbó-Valverde, Santiago +2 more
core +3 more sources