Results 21 to 30 of about 1,778 (256)
Must-Take Cards: Merchant Discounts and Avoided Costs [PDF]
, 2011 Antitrust authorities often argue that merchants cannot reasonably turn down payment cards and therefore must accept excessively high merchant discounts. The paper attempts to shed light on this “must-take cards” view from two angles.
ROCHET, Jean Charles, TIROLE, Jean
core +1 more source
The effects of regulating interchange fees at cost on the ATM market [PDF]
Economics Letters, 2010 We show that regulating the interchange fee at cost reduces banks’ incentives to deploy free ATMs over time. Simultaneously, more and more pay-to-use ATMs are deployed by independent ATM deployers. These results are consistent with the recent evolution of the British ATM market.
Donze, Jocelyn, Dubec, Isabelle
openaire +5 more sources
Country Studies of Interchange Fees: Commentary [PDF]
Review of Network Economics, 2005 The following is a transcription of my discussion of the three papers (published in this issue) that were presented in the "Panel of Country Studies" session of the Antitrust Activity in Card-Based Payment Systems: Causes and Consequences conference.
openaire +1 more source
FEBS Open Bio, EarlyView.The MRP4 transporter exports several drugs and signaling molecules. Here, we identified key promoter elements regulating basal MRP4 expression. Using reporter assays, we defined a conserved region with essential Sp1 and contributory Ets sites, which controlled basal MRP4 expression.
Debora Singer +7 more
wiley +1 more source
Remote Assessment of Ataxia Severity in SCA3 Across Multiple Centers and Time Points
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objective Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a genetically defined ataxia. The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a clinician‐reported outcome that measures ataxia severity at a single time point. In its standard application, SARA fails to capture short‐term fluctuations, limiting its sensitivity in trials.
Marcus Grobe‐Einsler +20 more
wiley +1 more source
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits racially disparate rates of disease progression. Black people with MS (B‐PwMS) experience a more severe disease course than non‐Hispanic White people with MS (NHW‐PwMS). Here we investigated structural and functional connectivity as well as structure–function decoupling in the ...
Emilio Cipriano +11 more
wiley +1 more source
Low Incidence of Relapses After Vaccination in Anti‐Aquaporin‐4 Antibody‐Positive NMOSD
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may experience increased signs and symptoms of their underlying disease when vaccinated against meningococcal disease before receiving complement component 5 inhibitor therapies. This retrospective analysis indicated an overall low relapse incidence (mean [range], 3.3% [0.7%–10.6 ...
Sean J. Pittock +4 more
wiley +1 more source
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objective Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) is an AAV9‐based gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA I). Real‐world outcomes show increased response variability compared to clinical trials, and follow‐up data beyond 12–18 months are limited.
Marika Pane +43 more
wiley +1 more source
Dimethyl Fumarate, But Not Rituximab, Reduces Serum GFAP Levels and PIRMA in Relapsing–Remitting MS
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.ABSTRACT Objective Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) levels are believed to reflect mainly acute and chronic disease processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), respectively. In this study, we investigated whether dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and rituximab (RTX) differentially affect these biomarkers.
F. Shawket +14 more
wiley +1 more source
Approaches to Regulating Interchange Fees in Payment Systems [PDF]
Review of Network Economics, 2003 Significant attention worldwide has been paid to the regulation of credit card interchange fees. In part, this attention has followed concerns expressed about the level of these fees in Europe, the U.S. and Australia. The Reserve Bank of Australia recently conducted an extensive inquiry into the interchange fees associated with credit cards and has ...
Joshua S Gans, Stephen P. King
openaire +1 more source