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For Whom is MAI? A theoretical Perspective on Multilateral Agreements on Investments [PDF]

open access: yes
Why do we observe some LDCs objecting the prospect of a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), although they have been keen to liberalize investment in preferential agreements in recent years?
Alessandro Turrini, Dieter M. Urban
core  

The Role of International Investment Agreements [PDF]

open access: yes, 2013
This paper analyzes the legitimacy of investor-state arbitration under international investment agreements in sovereign debt restructuring. The paper presents mechanisms governing sovereign default generally, namely collective action clauses and informal
Brahms, Lisa
core   +1 more source

Spiro‐Phenothiazine Hole‐Transporting Materials: Unlocking Stability and Scalability in Perovskite Solar Cells

open access: yesAdvanced Materials, EarlyView.
Fluorene‐functionalized spiro‐phenothiazine (PTZ‐Fl) exhibits strong Li+ affinity and thermal stability, enabling a PCE of 25.75% in small‐area cells and 22.07% in 25 cm2 modules. Under ISOS‐L3 conditions, PTZ‐Flbased devices retain over 80% efficiency after 1000 hours, demonstrating superior stability and scalability compared to spiro‐OMeTAD for next ...
Javier Urieta‐Mora   +17 more
wiley   +1 more source

Vietnam’s Accession to the WTO: Lessons from Past Trade Agreements [PDF]

open access: yes
This paper examines Vietnam’s experience with bilateral trade agreements and compares subsequent outcomes with predictions from existing computable general equilibrium (CGE) models.
Finn Tarp, Jeanet Bentzen, Philip Abbott
core  

Self‐Cooling Molecular Spin Qudits

open access: yesAdvanced Materials, EarlyView.
A material made of [GdEr] molecular dimers can encode a qudit and perform as a magnetic refrigerant. Microwave resonant pulses coherently manipulate its 16 spin states, while direct demagnetization measurements cool the material and a device down to temperatures below 1 K.
Elías Palacios   +12 more
wiley   +1 more source

Transatlantic trade agreements and adjudication without ‘protection of citizens’ and their fundamental rights? College of Europe Policy Brief #15.16, October 2016 [PDF]

open access: yes, 2016
Executive Summary > The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCFR) is an integral part of EU law constituting, limiting, regulating and justifying EU powers and their exercise, including trade policy powers and EU free trade agreements.
Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich
core  

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