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CONVECTIVE IONOSPHERIC STORMS: A REVIEW

Reviews of Geophysics, 2011
Equatorial spread F (ESF) was discovered almost a century ago using the first radio wave instrument designed to study the upper atmosphere: the ionosonde. The name came from the appearance of reflections from the normally smooth ionosphere, which were spread over the altitude frequency coordinates used by the instrument.
Michael C. Kelley   +3 more
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Convective stabilization of ionospheric plasma clouds

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1986
We derive a stability criterion for the large‐scale structuring of ionospheric plasma clouds due to the E × B gradient drift instability. For the equilibrium we consider a cylindrical two‐dimensional water bag cloud aligned along a uniform magnetic field that is polarized by a uniform neutral wind.
J. F. Drake, J. D. Huba
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Magnetosheath Fluctuations, Ionospheric Convection and Dayside Ionospheric Transients

1994
We discuss, in order, the following topics: (1) A brief history of auroral transients; (2) Perspective on the importance of such transients; (3) An alternative explanation for the transients; (4) A caution about reference frames and the Siscoe-Huang convection model; (5) A critique of the Cowley-Lockwood convection model; (6) The staircase cusp and ...
Patrick T. Newell, David G. Sibeck
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Ionospheric convection driven by NBZ currents

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1987
Computer simulations of Birkeland currents and electric fields in the polar ionosphere during periods of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) were conducted. When the IMF z component is northward, an additional current system, called the NBZ current system, is present in the polar cap.
C. E. Rasmussen, R. W. Schunk
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The excitation of ionospheric convection

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 1991
Abstract This review presents recent observations of high-latitude ionospheric plasma convection, obtained using the EISCAT radar in the ‘Polar’ experiment mode. The paper is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the delay in the response of dayside high-latitude flows to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field is discussed. The results show the
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Ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric convection

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1984
Convection plays a major role in determining the characteristics of the high‐latitude ionosphere and the processes that drive magnetospheric convection are reflected in the ionospheric configuration. Average patterns of ionospheric convection observed with the Chatanika incoherent scatter radar, when mapped along magnetic field lines to the equatorial ...
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Multistation measurements of high‐latitude ionospheric convection

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1983
Satellite and ground‐based observations of the ionospheric drift velocity taken during a MITHRAS campaign have been combined to determine instantaneous pictures of the high‐latitude convection pattern. These data, taken when the interplanetary magnetic field has a relatively stable southward/away orientation, show the existence of an asymmetric ...
R. A. Heelis   +3 more
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