The Muslim World, 1978 Both the Islamic umma and the individual Muslim are governed by the divine law as revealed in the Qurᐣān. There has never been any dissension in Islam about the absolute liability of the believer to fulfill the religious duties, although the Qurᐣān does not cite them explicitly as the 'pillars of the faith'. In Mecca the organized distribution of pious
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An Analysis of the Economic Activities of Kurdistan’s Jews from the Late Naseri Period to the End of Reza Shah’s Reign” [PDF]
تحقیقات تاریخ اقتصادی ایرانKurdistan has historically functioned as a locus of coexistence and interaction among diverse ethno-religious communities. Although Jews constituted a demographic minority, they played a significant role in the region’s socio-economic transformations ...
Nahie Sanginabadi +2 more
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The Impact of Abdullah Ibn Masoud and his Followers’ Thoughts On the 1st century AD Events in Kufa [PDF]
پژوهش های تاریخی, 2017 After the demise of the holy prophet (PBUH) and the emergence of conflicts among Muslims, a group cooperated with the authorities of Saghifah and a group was formed against them and considered the caliphate and pontificated the right of Imam Ali (AS ...
Ahmad Nezaratizadee, Naser Jadidi
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The Importance of Colophon in Recognizing the Historical Values of Manuscript of "Jong-e Ahmad Gholam" (Date of Writing: 1135 - 1142 Ah.) [PDF]
تاریخ نگری و تاریخ نگاری, 2020 The scripts' final word is generally known as the ending, the completion, the signature, and the word "Anjameh." This section's significance is because it provides a brief overview of the author, version features, time, location, and political and ...
Vahid Abedinpoor +2 more
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3D Printing of Soft Robotic Systems: Advances in Fabrication Strategies and Future Trends
Advanced Robotics Research, EarlyView.Collectively, this review systematically examines 3D‐printed soft robotics, encompassing material selections, function integration, and manufacturing methodologies. Meanwhile, fabrication strategies are analyzed in order of increasing complexity, highlighting persistent challenges with proposed solutions.
Changjiang Liu +5 more
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An Analytical Study of the Effect of the Link between Ilkhanates and the Mongol Central Court on the Issue of Succession [PDF]
پژوهش های تاریخی, 2017 Ilkhanate government was formed in Iran after the decision of the central court of Mongol and dispatch of Hulagu to the West in a historical process and subject to the evolutions of the central court and military and political actions of Hulagu Khan ...
Shokufeh Hassanpour +1 more
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Advanced Electronic Materials, EarlyView.A compact QASRR‐based THz metamaterial absorber enables polarization‐insensitive dual‐band absorption and skin‐cancer‐related refractive‐index sensing through measurable resonance shifts. Field, surface‐current, and circuit analyses clarify the dual‐resonance mechanism, while StackNet‐assisted prediction accurately estimates the simulated absorption ...
Md. Murad Kabir Nipun +5 more
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Economic role and position of the residents of western Sapras in Iran during Achaemenid Empire (941-1185) [PDF]
پژوهش های تاریخی, 2013 The present study aims at revealing economic role and importance of the residents of western Satraps during Achaemenid Empire, taking advantage of an analytical viewpoint.
MK Yusef Jamali, N Jadidi, AA Shahabadi
doaj
Economic Policies of the Second Pahlavi regarding Industry, with an Emphasis on the Relations between Iran and Germany (1961-1978) [PDF]
پژوهش های تاریخی, 2017 After ascending to the throne, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi tried to approximate the face of Iran to that of European countries dramatically. Meanwhile, impressive increase of oil price became the trump card in the hand of the second Pahlavi governments ...
Ali Vashmeh +2 more
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Sustainable Productivity Growth in Agriculture: The Role of Shifts in R&D Investments and Technology
Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, EarlyView.ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to evaluate the long‐term prospects of sustainable productivity growth linked to plausible assumptions on public agricultural R&D investments as the key productivity driver. Second, it investigates the role of changing R&D focus from yield maximization to input saving technologies (fertilizers and pesticides). The
Zuzana Smeets Křístková +4 more
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