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2D Skeletal Muscle Thin Film Actuators Enhance Efficiency of Biohybrid Robots

open access: yesAdvanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
2D skeletal muscle thin film actuators generate millinewton‐scale forces and millimeter‐scale strokes while remaining functional for over 30 days. Their force density is 20‐fold higher than 3D skeletal muscle actuators, enabling multi‐fin robots with tunable speed and multidirectional steering.
Maheera Bawa   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Melanin's Role in Balancing Mechanical Strength and Reproductive Output in Environmentally Stressed Fungal Spores

open access: yesAdvanced Functional Materials, EarlyView.
Melanin content directly controls fungal spore mechanical properties, with pigmented spores achieving rupture forces two orders of magnitude higher than hyaline spores. Environmental stress drives this quantity‐quality tradeoff; stressed species invest energy in melanin‐reinforced, mechanically superior thick‐walled, super‐hydrophobic spores, while ...
Atul Agrawal, Steven E. Naleway
wiley   +1 more source

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