Results 61 to 70 of about 37,719 (139)

Entropy in Hydrology

open access: yesPerspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, Volume 6, Issue 1, December 2025.
Abstract Although the concept of thermodynamic entropy due to Clausius dates back to the early 1850s, the mathematical theory of informational entropy was not developed until the pioneering work of Shannon in 1948, the development of principle of maximum entropy (POME) and theorem of concentration by Jaynes in 1957, principle of minimum cross entropy ...
Vijay P. Singh
wiley   +1 more source

The Discretization‐Corrected Particle Strength Method for the Barotropic Vorticity Equations

open access: yesInternational Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Volume 97, Issue 11, Page 1426-1440, November 2025.
Numerical solution for the barotropic vorticity equation in complex geometry using the meshless point collocation method. The spatial domain is represented by a set of nodes. The collocation method numerically solves the strong form governing equations.
G. C. Bourantas   +9 more
wiley   +1 more source

Quantifying the Influence of Fault Geometry via Mesh Morphing With Applications to Earthquake Dynamic Rupture and Thermal Models of Subduction

open access: yesGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 26, Issue 11, November 2025.
Abstract Subsurface geometries, such as faults and subducting slab interfaces, are often poorly constrained, yet they exert first‐order control on key geophysical processes, including subduction zone thermal structure and earthquake rupture dynamics.
Gabrielle M. Hobson   +2 more
wiley   +1 more source

Small Seismic Sources to Improve Survey Efficiency at Reduced Environmental Impact: Case Study From the Brazilian Pre‐Salt

open access: yesGeophysical Prospecting, Volume 73, Issue 9, November 2025.
ABSTRACT In Brazil, concerns about marine life have resulted in strong restrictions on seismic operations, with a minimum distance of 60 km between source vessels and an exclusion zone of 1000 m for marine mammals. These restrictions impact survey efficiency, duration, logistics and cost. Optimized and physically smaller seismic sources may reduce cost
Felipe Capuzzo   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

OrchardQuant‐3D: combining drone and LiDAR to perform scalable 3D phenotyping for characterising key canopy and floral traits in fruit orchards

open access: yesPlant Biotechnology Journal, Volume 23, Issue 11, Page 4910-4929, November 2025.
Summary Orchard fruits such as pear and apple are important for ensuring global food security and agricultural economy as they not only provide essential nutrients, but also support biodiversity and ecosystem services. Breeders, growers and plant researchers constantly study desirable tree morphological features and floral characteristics to ensure ...
Yunpeng Xia   +13 more
wiley   +1 more source

On the Lifetimes of Persistent Contrails and Contrail Cirrus

open access: yesJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Volume 130, Issue 20, 28 October 2025.
Abstract Prediction of contrail cirrus persistence is highly problematic for models, in part due to a poor representation of intertwined microphysical and dynamical processes controlling contrail evolution in large‐scale ice‐supersaturated areas. Knowledge of contrail cirrus lifetimes is required to estimate their lifecycle‐average radiative effect ...
Bernd Kärcher, Milena Corcos
wiley   +1 more source

Elucidating the Role of Chain Stiffness in Conformational Behaviors of Conjugated Polymers in Dilute Solution via Coarse‐Grained Modeling

open access: yesJournal of Polymer Science, Volume 63, Issue 20, Page 4176-4188, 15 October 2025.
Chain conformations and persistence lengths of conjugated polymers with varying backbone stiffness under different sovlent qualities and temperature conditions. ABSTRACT Conjugated polymers (CPs) are characteristically distinguished by their rigid π‐conjugated backbone and flexible side chains, which play a crucial role in determining their ...
Liujing Wang   +5 more
wiley   +1 more source

Conservation of the Total Order of the Axial SiSi and N → Si Bonds in Oligosilanylsilatranes

open access: yesChemPhysChem, Volume 26, Issue 19, October 6, 2025.
Total bond order (the sum of inversely related bSiSi and bN → Si bond orders) in oligo‐silanylsilatranes is constant and equal to unity unequivocally proving 3c‐4e character of the N → SiSi bond and a distinct covalent contribution in the N → Si interaction.
Elena F. Belogolova   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

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