Results 151 to 160 of about 176,241,749 (293)

Cyber Military Operations under International Humanitarian Law: Interpreting the Concept of "Attack" and Challenges in Protecting Civilians. [PDF]

F1000Res
Hamdan E, Al-Rai A, Khater M.
europepmc   +1 more source

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

History, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

(Global) single market for data? Exploring data cosmopolitanism as a solidarity-based regulatory approach to the european health data space. [PDF]

Data Brief
Musidlowska M, Fierens M, Maria Rosal I.
europepmc   +1 more source

The Interpretation of (Allegedly) Self-Judging Clauses in Bilateral Investment Treaties

, 2010
This essay examines the questions related to the alleged self-judging character of Article XI of the BIT between the United States and Argentina, bearing in mind the nature of bilateral investment treaties and of related arbitration ( ).
GAZZINI T
core  

Non‐Career Ambassador Appointments: Transformations in Turkish Diplomacy during the 1920s and 1930s

History, EarlyView.
Abstract During the early years of the Turkish Republic, the establishment of foreign missions, the assignment of new diplomats to these missions as well as the inheritance of experiences, diplomats, buildings and other assets from the Ottoman Empire were matters of major political concern.
Evren Küçük
wiley   +1 more source

The Momentum of ‘Developed’: Bodies of Water, Aging Bodies and Malta's Interventions at the UN

History, EarlyView.
Abstract Histories of major powers continue to shape how many scholars conceptualize internationalism. By focusing on Malta's interventions at the UN challenges, this article challenges such narrative. In particular, it examines Arvid Pardo's 1967 petition that the seabed be reconceived and protected as the ‘common heritage of mankind’ and Vincent ...
Brianne Wesolowski
wiley   +1 more source

A treatise on treaties ::Crown-Indigenous treaties in Canadian law /

"Treaty agreements are the basis for life in Canada, arguably even more so than the Constitution: after all, without access to land and resources -- which treaties provide -- there would be nothing for newcomers to constitute.
Birtles, Bryan,
core  

State of the Field: Scientific Internationalism during the Cold War

History, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT This article offers a state‐of‐the‐field assessment of the historiography of scientific internationalism during the Cold War, focusing on three connected problems: the reconceptualization of science diplomacy, the emergence of ‘techno‐dissent’ and the ethical turn in the history of science and technology.
Doubravka Olšáková
wiley   +1 more source

Human Rights as Justifications in Wildernesses: A Third World Approach to EU Law. [PDF]

Jus Cogens
Ganesh A.
europepmc   +1 more source

TWO CONCEPTS OF POLARIZATION: Urban–National Tension and its Effects on the Liberal Trajectory of Cities

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, EarlyView.
Abstract This study examines how urban–national polarization shapes how progressive cities exercise local autonomy. It introduces a new framework for assessing polarization within specific policy domains, distinguishing between ideological and pragmatic polarization.
Harel Nachmany, Tal Alster, Nufar Avni
wiley   +1 more source