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2005
In this chapter, we first introduce the basic laws of thermodynamics and R17the most important thermodynamic functions. Even though many of the concepts introduced here will be familiar to many readers with a background in elementary physics, this chapter should not be ignored as it presents these concepts in the language of physical chemistry.
Boris S. Bokstein +2 more
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In this chapter, we first introduce the basic laws of thermodynamics and R17the most important thermodynamic functions. Even though many of the concepts introduced here will be familiar to many readers with a background in elementary physics, this chapter should not be ignored as it presents these concepts in the language of physical chemistry.
Boris S. Bokstein +2 more
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The third law of thermodynamics
1991The third law of thermodynamics was proposed by Nernst as his Heat Theorem in 1906, following a study of chemical equilibrium. A simple statement of the third law may be obtained from a consideration of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation (see Exercise 1 in Chapter 10), which, for a closed hydrostatic system, may be written (15.1)
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American Journal of Physics, 1961
The following is shown with respect to the zeroth law of thermodynamics. (1) Planck's argument that it follows from a general theorem concerning establishment of thermal equilibrium among numerous bodies does not appear to be conclusive. (2) The zeroth law is a consequence of the first and second laws in classical thermodynamics and need not, therefore,
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The following is shown with respect to the zeroth law of thermodynamics. (1) Planck's argument that it follows from a general theorem concerning establishment of thermal equilibrium among numerous bodies does not appear to be conclusive. (2) The zeroth law is a consequence of the first and second laws in classical thermodynamics and need not, therefore,
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The second law of thermodynamics
1991The first law of thermodynamics was developed in Chapter 4 from a study of the effects of adiabatic work on the state of a system. This law introduces the concept of internal energy (a non-primitive state function) and imposes certain limitations on the changes that can occur in a system under given constraints.
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The first law of thermodynamics
1991This chapter starts by looking more closely at the work interaction between a system and its surroundings. The systems usually first discussed in an elementary treatment of classical thermodynamics remain at rest in the laboratory. Therefore, when work is done on such a system, it does not suffer changes in its bulk kinetic or potential energies.
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2020
In the previous chapter, we learned the basic concepts of thermodynamics. Now, we are ready to discuss what a system can do and what changes it can undergo with the heat that it receives. Thermodynamics is the science that deals with systems that exchange heat and work with their environment. It is a phenomenological (experimental) science; it makes no
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In the previous chapter, we learned the basic concepts of thermodynamics. Now, we are ready to discuss what a system can do and what changes it can undergo with the heat that it receives. Thermodynamics is the science that deals with systems that exchange heat and work with their environment. It is a phenomenological (experimental) science; it makes no
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Laws of Thermodynamic Equilibrium
2014In the previous chapters we have reviewed the fundamental properties of the radiation field and those of atomic systems. Before we move on to a quantum description of the interaction between these systems, is it necessary to study, in all generality, their physical characteristics in the particular case of thermodynamic equilibrium.
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1988
In the previous chapter we began our study of the structure of matter by considering bulk matter in its most unstructured state, namely in its perfect gas state. We saw there that the general properties and gross behavior of this state of matter can be understood in terms of three measurable macroscopic quantities: the pressure, the temperature, and ...
Lloyd Motz, Jefferson Hane Weaver
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In the previous chapter we began our study of the structure of matter by considering bulk matter in its most unstructured state, namely in its perfect gas state. We saw there that the general properties and gross behavior of this state of matter can be understood in terms of three measurable macroscopic quantities: the pressure, the temperature, and ...
Lloyd Motz, Jefferson Hane Weaver
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2018
The discussion in the previous chapter focussed heavily on the amount of energy in a system. But how did that energy get there in the first place—and what is energy, anyway? Energy is a central idea in physics, but like other basic precepts of the world in which we live, we really have no idea what it is.
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The discussion in the previous chapter focussed heavily on the amount of energy in a system. But how did that energy get there in the first place—and what is energy, anyway? Energy is a central idea in physics, but like other basic precepts of the world in which we live, we really have no idea what it is.
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