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2020
In the previous chapter, we learned the basic concepts of thermodynamics. Now, we are ready to discuss what a system can do and what changes it can undergo with the heat that it receives. Thermodynamics is the science that deals with systems that exchange heat and work with their environment. It is a phenomenological (experimental) science; it makes no
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In the previous chapter, we learned the basic concepts of thermodynamics. Now, we are ready to discuss what a system can do and what changes it can undergo with the heat that it receives. Thermodynamics is the science that deals with systems that exchange heat and work with their environment. It is a phenomenological (experimental) science; it makes no
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1995
In the last section we realized that heat is nothing but a special form of energy. This was the discovery of R.J. Mayer (1842). The perception of heat as energy which is statistically distributed among the particles of a system, was established by Clausius (1857): he introduced the statistical concept of the mean square of the velocity and derived the ...
Walter Greiner, L. Neise, Horst Stöcker
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In the last section we realized that heat is nothing but a special form of energy. This was the discovery of R.J. Mayer (1842). The perception of heat as energy which is statistically distributed among the particles of a system, was established by Clausius (1857): he introduced the statistical concept of the mean square of the velocity and derived the ...
Walter Greiner, L. Neise, Horst Stöcker
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Second Law of Thermodynamics [PDF]
Nature, 1973 IT is widely realised that there is no single and uniquely correct statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics but rather that there exist a number of different and mutually compatible, correct statements1 (Everett2 mentions “two or three dozen”) each of which illuminates a different facet of what H. A.
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2016
It is extremely difficult to establish the term heat within the framework of the phenomenological thermodynamics with a sufficient degree of precision. We will manage that very much smoother by the means and methods of Statistical Mechanics. In thermodynamics we are forced in a certain sense to accept an intuitive self-concept of this term.
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It is extremely difficult to establish the term heat within the framework of the phenomenological thermodynamics with a sufficient degree of precision. We will manage that very much smoother by the means and methods of Statistical Mechanics. In thermodynamics we are forced in a certain sense to accept an intuitive self-concept of this term.
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2018
The discussion in the previous chapter focussed heavily on the amount of energy in a system. But how did that energy get there in the first place—and what is energy, anyway? Energy is a central idea in physics, but like other basic precepts of the world in which we live, we really have no idea what it is.
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The discussion in the previous chapter focussed heavily on the amount of energy in a system. But how did that energy get there in the first place—and what is energy, anyway? Energy is a central idea in physics, but like other basic precepts of the world in which we live, we really have no idea what it is.
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Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Functions
2009Usually, when we speak of the laws of thermodynamics, we have in mind its three laws. In fact, there are four laws of thermodynamics. One of them is the zeroth law. This law is expressed in the form of the second postulate (see Sect. 1.1) and is a law about temperature.
S. R. Figarova, B M Askerov
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2019
In this chapter the causality between process variables and the change of state variables of a thermodynamic system is derived. The first section introduces the principle of equivalence between work and heat—an essential prerequisite in order to formulate the energy conservation principle known as first law of thermodynamics.
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In this chapter the causality between process variables and the change of state variables of a thermodynamic system is derived. The first section introduces the principle of equivalence between work and heat—an essential prerequisite in order to formulate the energy conservation principle known as first law of thermodynamics.
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The second law of thermodynamics
1991The first law of thermodynamics was developed in Chapter 4 from a study of the effects of adiabatic work on the state of a system. This law introduces the concept of internal energy (a non-primitive state function) and imposes certain limitations on the changes that can occur in a system under given constraints.
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2019
Though the balance of entropy has been denoted as Second Law of Thermodynamics in the previous chapters, its classical formulation comes along with thermodynamic cycles. Thus, the focus now is on these cycles. However, there are two different types of thermodynamic cycles: Clockwise cycles on the one hand convert heat into mechanical energy and are ...
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Though the balance of entropy has been denoted as Second Law of Thermodynamics in the previous chapters, its classical formulation comes along with thermodynamic cycles. Thus, the focus now is on these cycles. However, there are two different types of thermodynamic cycles: Clockwise cycles on the one hand convert heat into mechanical energy and are ...
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The third law of thermodynamics
1991The third law of thermodynamics was proposed by Nernst as his Heat Theorem in 1906, following a study of chemical equilibrium. A simple statement of the third law may be obtained from a consideration of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation (see Exercise 1 in Chapter 10), which, for a closed hydrostatic system, may be written (15.1)
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