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At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity
, 1995Complexity theory is one of the most controversial areas of current scientific research. Developing out of chaos theory, complexity suggests that there are hidden tendencies in nature to select ordered states, even when statistically they are vastly ...
S. Kauffman
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Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes
Principles of Thermodynamics, 2018The thermodynamics of irreversible processes is based on the expression of the entropy source density derived in the previous chapter. From it, phenomenological laws of transport can be presented in a unified way. Heat transport is given by Fourier’s law
J. Ansermet, S. Brechet
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2019
In this chapter the causality between process variables and the change of state variables of a thermodynamic system is derived. The first section introduces the principle of equivalence between work and heat—an essential prerequisite in order to formulate the energy conservation principle known as first law of thermodynamics.
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In this chapter the causality between process variables and the change of state variables of a thermodynamic system is derived. The first section introduces the principle of equivalence between work and heat—an essential prerequisite in order to formulate the energy conservation principle known as first law of thermodynamics.
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The second law of thermodynamics
1991The first law of thermodynamics was developed in Chapter 4 from a study of the effects of adiabatic work on the state of a system. This law introduces the concept of internal energy (a non-primitive state function) and imposes certain limitations on the changes that can occur in a system under given constraints.
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2019
Though the balance of entropy has been denoted as Second Law of Thermodynamics in the previous chapters, its classical formulation comes along with thermodynamic cycles. Thus, the focus now is on these cycles. However, there are two different types of thermodynamic cycles: Clockwise cycles on the one hand convert heat into mechanical energy and are ...
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Though the balance of entropy has been denoted as Second Law of Thermodynamics in the previous chapters, its classical formulation comes along with thermodynamic cycles. Thus, the focus now is on these cycles. However, there are two different types of thermodynamic cycles: Clockwise cycles on the one hand convert heat into mechanical energy and are ...
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The third law of thermodynamics
1991The third law of thermodynamics was proposed by Nernst as his Heat Theorem in 1906, following a study of chemical equilibrium. A simple statement of the third law may be obtained from a consideration of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation (see Exercise 1 in Chapter 10), which, for a closed hydrostatic system, may be written (15.1)
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Heart
Future Cardiology, 2012The second law of thermodynamics explains the phenomenon of irreversibility and the increasing entropic trend of nature. Similar to human-made machines, living structures are subjected to entropy generation, becoming 'worn' and 'damaged' from use. However, they have the possibility of eluding or deferring these processes.
Dini, Frank Lloyd +3 more
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The first law of thermodynamics
1991This chapter starts by looking more closely at the work interaction between a system and its surroundings. The systems usually first discussed in an elementary treatment of classical thermodynamics remain at rest in the laboratory. Therefore, when work is done on such a system, it does not suffer changes in its bulk kinetic or potential energies.
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The First Law of Thermodynamics
2014It is our daily experience that heat can be converted to work, and that work can be converted to heat. A propeller mounted over a burning candle will spin when the heated air rises due to buoyancy: heat is converted to work. Rubbing your hands makes them warmer: work is converted to heat.
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