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Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2011Feature size is a natural determinant of material properties. Its design offers the technological perspectives for material improvement. Grain size, crystallite size, domain width, and structural defects of different nature constitute the classical design elements.
Shvartsman, Vladimir, Lupascu, Doru C.
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2008
So-called ferroelectric materials may be divided into two classes: ferroelectrics and relaxors (Table 30.1) [1].
Simon, Annie, Ravez, Jean
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So-called ferroelectric materials may be divided into two classes: ferroelectrics and relaxors (Table 30.1) [1].
Simon, Annie, Ravez, Jean
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Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 1998
In recent years, efforts to develop alternatives to lead‐based solders have increased dramatically. These efforts began as a response to potential legislation and regulations restricting lead usage in the electronics industry. Lead is extremely toxic when inhaled or ingested. As researchers began to focus on Pb‐free solders, they recognized their value
Anton Zoran Miric, Angela Grusd
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In recent years, efforts to develop alternatives to lead‐based solders have increased dramatically. These efforts began as a response to potential legislation and regulations restricting lead usage in the electronics industry. Lead is extremely toxic when inhaled or ingested. As researchers began to focus on Pb‐free solders, they recognized their value
Anton Zoran Miric, Angela Grusd
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Lead-Free Piezoelectric Transducers
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency ControlResearch activities on lead-free piezoelectric materials have been ongoing for over 20 years. Generally, the applicability of the main material families is less universal than that of lead-based compositions such as lead zirconate titanate, but in some cases, the corresponding applications have already been identified. Due to the extensive research, it
Ringgaard, Erling +4 more
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Science, 2014
Chemistry![Figure][1] CREDIT: REN-GEN XIONG Ferroelectric materials have a permanent electric dipole moment that can be switched by the application of an external electric field, a property that makes them widely used in sensing, memory, and actuators.
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Chemistry![Figure][1] CREDIT: REN-GEN XIONG Ferroelectric materials have a permanent electric dipole moment that can be switched by the application of an external electric field, a property that makes them widely used in sensing, memory, and actuators.
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Lead-free Flux Effect in Lead-free Solder Joint Improvement
2006 Thirty-First IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium, 2006Lead-free flux used in lead-free solder ball attachment process has been found to play a vital role in improving lead-free solder joint robustness & performance. In this study, two water soluble lead-free solder ball attach fluxes, flux A & flux B, each from different supplier, were compared in terms of the following characteristics: time variation of ...
Eu Poh Leng +4 more
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Lead-free acoustic emission sensors
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2007Acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been fabricated using both soft- and hard-type lead-free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-based ceramics. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the ceramics have been determined using the resonance technique. The lead-free AE sensors were calibrated using a laser source and compared to a commercial sensor. A lead zirconate
Lam, KH, Lin, DM, Chan, HLW
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Interfacial Reaction of Lead-Free Solders with Lead-Free Finished Leadframes
2006 International Conference on Electronic Materials and Packaging, 2006Due to the implementation of the legislations to restrict the use of environmental unfriendly materials, the use of lead (Pb) in electronic products is banned. This includes the use of surface finishing materials such as that for integrated circuit (IC) leadframes.
Y. W. Wong +4 more
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Epoxy lead cones for free supported leads
IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 2000The support of lead wires at the lead exits of epoxy impregnated coils can be an important aspect of the coil design. This is especially true for coils fabricated of the brittle high field superconductors including both the metallic and the oxide superconductors.
W.D. Markiewicz +3 more
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Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 2012
Supporting ward managers not only improves patient outcomes, but saves the NHS money too. Some trusts are achieving good results by giving ward managers supervisory status, training and greater authority. And for this the Royal College of Physicians recommends a salary of 75,000 sterling pounds.
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Supporting ward managers not only improves patient outcomes, but saves the NHS money too. Some trusts are achieving good results by giving ward managers supervisory status, training and greater authority. And for this the Royal College of Physicians recommends a salary of 75,000 sterling pounds.
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