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The leverage effect without leverage

Finance Research Letters, 2009
We use experimental stock markets to add more evidence that Black's [1976. Proceedings of the 1976 Meeting of the Business and Economic Statistics Section. American Statistical Association, pp. 177–181] leverage effect in financial markets does not necessarily stem from the financial leverage of the firm.
Hens, Thorsten, Steude, Sven C
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Time-Varying Leverage Effects

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010
zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
BANDI F, Renò, Roberto
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Remember to Leverage Effect Size Estimates

Journal of Nursing Education, 2023
In 2023, the Methodology Corner column has opted to promote the efficacious use of effect sizes among our community of researchers. In this first entry of the year, we call attention to broad improvement in effect size reporting germane to our community, including more consistent reporting of effect sizes and their interpretations.
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Black's Leverage Effect is not Due to Leverage

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011
One of the most enduring empirical regularities in equity markets is the inverse relationship between stock prices and volatility, first documented by Black (1976) who attributed it to the effects of financial leverage. As a company’s stock price declines, it becomes more highly leveraged given a fixed level of debt outstanding, and this increase in ...
Jasmina Hasanhodzic, Andrew W. Lo
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Understanding leveraged ETFs’ compounding effect

Managerial Finance, 2022
PurposePrior literature has shown that, theoretically, holding-period returns of a leveraged exchange-traded fund (LETF) are generally negatively affected by the volatility of the underlying benchmark’s daily returns, particularly for long holding periods.
Narat Charupat, Zhe Ma, Peter Miu
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Financial Leverage Does Not Cause the Leverage Effect

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006
We quantify the effect of financial leverage on stock return volatility in a dynamic general equilibrium economy with debt and equity claims. We study the effects of financial leverage on the market portfolio, and on a small firm with idiosyncratic and market risk.
Abdullah C. Aydemir   +2 more
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Leveraging on enterprises, Leverage Constraint and Macroeconomic Effects in China

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
The China’ economy has been structurally deleveraging recent years. By constructing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, this article explores the impacts of different types of firms deleveraging on China’s macroeconomic fluctuation and its welfare effects.
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Age Effects, Leverage and Firm Growth

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009
Recent theories of firm dynamics emphasize the role of financial variables as determinants of firm growth. Empirically examining these relationships has been difficult, since there is a lack of financial data on the small, young, and private firms.
Kim P. Huynh, Robert J. Petrunia
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Testing Black's Leverage Effect by Using 'Seemingly' Zero Leverage Firms

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014
There is a significant negative relationship between stock returns and changes in future stock return volatility even among all-equity firms. While Hasanhodzic and Lo (2011) suggest that the inverse price and variance relation cannot be due to the classic leverage effect, our results suggest caution in dismissing Black’s (1976) theory. We document that
Fatma Sonmez, Timothy T. Simin
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Leverage and evaluation effectiveness

Evaluation and Program Planning, 1980
Abstract Weaknesses in evaluations often can be traced to structural limitations in the positions of evaluation researchers. Conventional human relations techniques often are an insufficient basis for securing strong support for evaluation research. Strategies for increasing evaluation research leverage are reviewed.
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