Results 111 to 120 of about 296,384 (158)
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Liner Nationality and Steamship Conference Rate-Making
The Journal of Industrial Economics, 1969tions of the steamship conferences (cartel-like associations of ship lines) that determine the ocean freight rates on the nations' major trade routes.1 This article will hypothesize how conference ratemaking can injure a country's trade, and how a national-flag line can benefit a nation by moderating conference rates. The hypothesis will then be tested
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The development of the code of conduct for liner conferences
Marine Policy, 1979origins of the Code, focusing on the development of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the Rochdale Committee of Inquiry into Shipping. He then analyses the Code as adopted in terms of its structure, its objectives and principles, and its flexibility. The article concludes with a consideration of the future of the Code, and with
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A Theoretical Analysis of Liner Shipping Conferences and Strategic Alliances
Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 2000We analyze the economic impacts of industrial organizational struggles on the international liner shipping market. Operating ratios of different markets are discussed by incorporating rate, service level, and other variables into a standard microeconomic model.
Masayuki Doi +2 more
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The Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences: Frustrations on the Road to Utopia
Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international, 1977The major international legal activity in the field of maritime transport in the first half of the 1970's was the negotiation and eventual adoption in 1974 under the auspices of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (U.N.C.T.A.D.) of the Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences.
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US antitrust policy and liner conferences in the age of intermodalism
Maritime Policy & Management, 1983This article examines the uncertainties concerning the antiturst immunity for collective participation by liner conferences in intermodal transporation. Among them are the FMC's jurisdiction under the Shipping Act to authorize such collective actions, the legality of intermodal dual-rate contracts and the stringency by lsquo;public-interestrsquo ...
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The Code of Conduct for liner Conferences: a 1985 view [1]
Maritime Policy & Management, 1986This article first reviews the history of the Code, beginning with the invention of the conference system in 1875. It then presents an analysis of the Code and discusses both hesitations and formal reservations that attach to its ratification. The analysis includes a section on negative aspects of the Code, including difficulties of interpretation and ...
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Exemption and Prohibition Provisions Concerning Liner Conferences
2009The block exemption for liner conferences in Article 3 of Regulation 4056/86 is the main part of the substantive provisions of Regulation 4056/86. Another two block exemptions involving transport users are provided in Article 6 of Regulation 4056/86: one deals with vertical agreements between liner conferences and transport users, another deals with ...
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Scope of Application of Sector-Specific Regulation of Liner Conferences
2009Regulation 4056/86 applies “only to international maritime transport services from or to one or more Community ports, other than tramp vessel services”.1 It follows from this combination of a general rule on application on one side and an explicit exception on the other side that Regulation 4056/86 applies to all kinds of maritime transport services ...
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