Results 261 to 270 of about 1,537,223 (306)

Financial imperatives for local budgeting

Finance and Credit, 2020
Subject. In the study, I evaluate how financial imperatives and restrictions influence the formation and use of the local budget. Objectives. The study analyzes causes of the deficit of the local budget, municipal debt and debt servicing expenses and review them for current limits set by the budgetary laws. Methods.
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China's Local Political Budget Cycles

American Journal of Political Science, 2009
This article examines the political budget cycles in Chinese counties. The shift to a more performance‐based cadre evaluation and mobility system during the reform era has created an incentive structure for local leaders to increase government spending at strategically important time points during their tenure to enhance the prospect of official ...
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Incremental Budgeting in Local Authorities

International Journal of Public Sector Management, 1992
Provides evidence to show the budget‐setting process in local authorities is incremental in nature. Planned programmed budgeting systems and zero based budgeting systems do not appear to have a place in local authority decision making largely because the process is a political one and is perceived to be overwhelmingly complex.
M.M. Ibrahim, R.A. Proctor
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Preparation of the Local Budget

American Political Science Review, 1946
The old saws, “money makes the mare go” and “he who pays the piper calls the tune,” make for awareness of the central importance of budgeting in government. While these expressions indicate the possibility of a measure of general understanding of public budgeting, they also are indicative of the ease with which superficiality and misconceptions may ...
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Local laser bonding for low temperature budget

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2001
A new bonding process for Si-wafer has been developed. The bonding is provided through intermediate layers such as Al or Au forming an eutectic alloy with silicon. A focused laser beam is used to heat up the contact site locally to temperatures well above the eutectic temperature of the corresponding alloys.
Mescheder, Ulrich, Alavi, M., Hiltmann, K., Lietzau, Ch., Nachtigall, Christoph, Sandmaier, H.   +5 more
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Local Budgeting [PDF]

This publication, Local Budgeting, provides a comprehensive guide for local administrators who are involved in designing and implementing budgetary institutions and who wish to improve efficiency and equity in service delivery and to strengthen internal and external accountability. It details principles and practices to improve fiscal management.
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Local Budget Fulfillment in 1994

Chinese Economic Studies, 1996
The first year that the new fiscal system was implemented throughout China was 1994. The financial departments at all levels of government conscientiously carried out the central policy "grasping opportunities, intensifying reform, expanding openness, accelerating development, and maintaining stability," and worked hard to ensure the smooth operation ...
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Democratic Functions of Local Budgets

2021
This chapter reflects upon the interesting, but underdeveloped question of the democratic functions of local budgets with respect to local citizenship. We examine democratic decision-making through the lens of the budgetary process. The budget can be seen as a financial representation of the most important local decisions. Economic efficiency, in turn,
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Local Budgeting and Public Participation

State and Local Government Review, 2011
This paper examines the political, economic, and institutional variables associated with the presence of state laws that mandate the use of public input in local budgeting. The results show that political and institutional variables can help explain the presence of such laws, but the relationships between variables of interest shift depending on ...
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LOCAL BUDGET PROCESS AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2009
The local budget process is in close connection with the economic development of the territorial-administrative units, firstly because the former implies the collection of budget revenues based on which local authorities provide public services to citizens and ensure the provision of such services by third parties.
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