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Long Short-Term Memory

Neural Computation, 1997
Learning to store information over extended time intervals by recurrent backpropagation takes a very long time, mostly because of insufficient, decaying error backflow. We briefly review Hochreiter's (1991) analysis of this problem, then address it by introducing a novel, efficient, gradient based method called long short-term memory (LSTM ...
S, Hochreiter, J, Schmidhuber
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A Modified Long Short-Term Memory Cell

International Journal of Neural Systems, 2023
Machine Learning (ML), among other things, facilitates Text Classification, the task of assigning classes to textual items. Classification performance in ML has been significantly improved due to recent developments, including the rise of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Transformer ...
Giannis, Haralabopoulos   +2 more
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Short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term memories

Behavioural Brain Research, 1993
This paper focuses on the temporal dimension of memory formation and storage. Is the usual two-fold separation between short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) sufficient to encompass all the phenomena of memory? The traditional view is that STM grades into LTM.
M R, Rosenzweig   +4 more
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Long Short-Term Memory Models

2019
In this chapter, you will learn about recurrent neural networks and long short-term memory models. You will also learn how LSTMs work and how they can be used to detect anomalies and how you can implement anomaly detection using LSTM. You will work through several datasets depicting time series of different types of data such as CPU utilization, taxi ...
Suman Kalyan Adari, Sridhar Alla
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Relationship between short- and long-term memory and short- and long-term extinction

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2005
Both the acquisition and the extinction of memories leave short- and long-term mnemonic traces. Here, we show that in male Wistar rats, the short-term memory for a step-down inhibitory avoidance task (IA) is resistant to extinction, and that its expression does not influence retrieval or extinction of long-term memory.
Martín, Cammarota   +5 more
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Short- vs. Long-Term Memory

2008
Publisher Summary The modern instantiation of short-term memory came about because researchers had difficulty explaining a series of experimental results in terms of the then current theories of long-term memory. This chapter addresses three issues that play a major role in the continued general acceptance of STM (short term memory): (1 ...
Ian Neath, Aimée M. Surprenant
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Long Short-Term Memory

2012
As discussed in the previous chapter, an important benefit of recurrent neural networks is their ability to use contextual information when mapping between input and output sequences. Unfortunately, for standard RNN architectures, the range of context that can be in practice accessed is quite limited.
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Immediate Memory for Faces: Long- or Short-Term Memory?

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1973
Immediate recognition memory span and short-term forgetting for non-verbal stimuli (“unfamiliar faces”) were investigated in normal subjects and amnesic patients. Surnames were used as a verbal control. It was found that normal subjects had a reliable immediate recognition span of one for faces and that there was no decrement in performance in the ...
E K, Warrington, A M, Taylor
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Short‐term and long‐term memory in single cells

The FASEB Journal, 1991
Many approaches have been used to study short‐ and long‐term memory. Bacteria detect chemical gradients using a memory obtained by the combination of a fast excitation process and a slow adaptation process. This model system, which has the advantages of extensive genetic and biochemical information, shows no features of long‐term ...
B H, Morimoto, D E, Koshland
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Two circuits to convert short-term memory into long-term memory

Medical Hypotheses, 1997
According to a brain model, encoding synapses record presynaptic axonal 'on-off' patterns as memory, and modulating synapses convert short-term memory into long-term memory by helping encoding synapses develop long-term potentiation and depression. Sensory organs conduct sounds and images as series of axonal 'on-off' patterns to encoding synapses of ...
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