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Finding translations for low-frequency words in comparable corpora
Machine Translation, 2006Statistical methods to extract translational equivalents from non-parallel corpora hold the promise of ensuring the required coverage and domain customisation of lexicons as well as accelerating their compilation and maintenance. A challenge for these methods are rare, less common words and expressions, which often have low corpus frequencies. However,
Viktor Pekar 0001 +3 more
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Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1999
A simpler model is proposed for estimating the frequency of any same-frequency words and identifying the boundary point between high-frequency words and low-frequency words in a text. The model, based on a maximum ranking method, assigns ranks to the words and estimates word frequency by the formula: Int[(-1 + (1 + 4D/I n+1 ) 1/2 )/2] > n * ≥ Int[(-1 +
Qinglan Sun +2 more
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A simpler model is proposed for estimating the frequency of any same-frequency words and identifying the boundary point between high-frequency words and low-frequency words in a text. The model, based on a maximum ranking method, assigns ranks to the words and estimates word frequency by the formula: Int[(-1 + (1 + 4D/I n+1 ) 1/2 )/2] > n * ≥ Int[(-1 +
Qinglan Sun +2 more
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Lexical dynamics for low-frequency complex words
The Mental Lexicon, 2007In this study we examine the word recognition process for low-frequency morphologically complex words. One goal of the study was to replicate and expand upon findings suggesting facilitative effects of morphological relatives of a target word. A second goal was to demonstrate the need for a reinterpretation of root and surface frequency effects, which ...
R. H. Baayen, Lee H. Wurm, Joanna Aycock
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Frequency-Importance Functions for Words in High- and Low-Context Sentences
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 1992The relative importance and absolute contributions of various spectral regions to speech intelligibility under conditions of either neutral or predictable sentential context were examined. Specifically, the frequency-importance functions for a set of monosyllabic words embedded in a highly predictive sentence context versus a sentence with little ...
T S, Bell, D D, Dirks, T D, Trine
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Event-related potentials and the recollection of low and high frequency words
Neuropsychologia, 1995A recognition memory test was conducted in which low and high frequency words were initially presented in one of two different study tasks. A word was defined as recollected if, at test, it was both confidently judged 'old', and confidently assigned to its correct study context.
M D, Rugg +3 more
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Low Frequency Words Compression in Neural Conversation System
2017Recently, Encoder-Decoder, a framework for sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) tasks has been widely used in the open domain generation-based conversation system. One of the most difficult challenges in Encoder-Decoder based open domain conversation systems is the Unknown Words Issue, that is, numerous words become out-of-vocabulary words (OOVs) due to the ...
Sixing Wu, Ying Li 0012, Zhonghai Wu
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Low-frequency word enhancement with similar pairs in speech recognition
2015 IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (ChinaSIP), 2015In practical automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, it is difficult to recognize words that are with low-frequency in the language model (LM) training data. Ironically, these words tend to be highly important as they are often domain-specific name entities.
Xi Ma, Xiaoxi Wang, Dong Wang
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Event-Related Potentials and Recognition Memory for Low- and High-Frequency Words
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1992Abstract Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects made recognition judgments on high- and low-frequency words, half of which had previously been presented in an incidental study task. Compared to high-frequency items, low-frequency words were associated with superior recognition performance, and attracted a higher ...
M D, Rugg, M C, Doyle
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Round-the-word signals at very low frequency
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1949An experiment is described in which very low frequency signals transmitted on 18 kc by NSS are detected after traveling once around the world. A diurnal field-intensity variation was observed with the maximum intensity appearing at sunset at the sending and receiving locations.
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Visual Binding of English and Chinese Word Parts is Limited to Low Temporal Frequencies
Perception, 2007Some perceptual mechanisms manifest high temporal precision, allowing reports of visual information even when that information is restricted to windows smaller than 50 ms. Other visual judgments are limited to much coarser time scales. What about visual information extracted at late processing stages, for which we nonetheless have perceptual expertise,
Alex O, Holcombe, Jeff, Judson
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