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Macular Edema☆

2010
For many years, diagnosing macular edema at an early stage has been a main difficulty. Recently, multiple and remarkable advances of modern imaging technologies which allow recognition of the main etiologies, have immensely improved its diagnosis and treatment.
R.N. Frank, I. Glybina
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Cyclic Macular EDEMA

American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1982
Three patients with macular edema noted that their vision improved during the course of the day. In one patient, a 25-year-old man, visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/30; in the second, a 53-year-old woman, it improved from 20/60 to 20/40; in the third, a 30-year-old man, it improved from 20/25 to 20/20.
P, Sternberg, F, Fitzke, D, Finkelstein
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Diagnosis of Macular Edema

Ophthalmologica, 2010
Macular edema may be intracellular or extracellular. Intracellular accumulation of fluid (cytotoxic edema) is an alteration of the cellular ionic distribution. Extracellular accumulation of fluid is more frequent and clinically more relevant, and is directly associated with an alteration of the blood-retinal barrier.
José, Cunha-Vaz, Gabriel, Coscas
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Diabetic Macular Edema

International Ophthalmology Clinics, 1976
Photocoagulation by either the argon laser or xenon arc instruments has been reported to have a beneficial effect in selected patients with macular edema. Treatment is not effective in all cases; indeed, in some patients with perifoveal capillary closure, severe macular edema, long-standing organized hard exudates, or significant cystoid maculopathy ...
A, Patz, S L, Fine
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Diabetic Macular Edema

Ophthalmology, 2012
Brasil OFM, 2007, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V91, P761, DOI 10.1136-bjo.2006.105783; Gibran SK, 2007, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V114, P890, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2006.11.026; Kim BY, 2006, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V142, P405, DOI 10.1016-j.ajo.2006.04.023; Shin HJ, 2012, GRAEF ARCH CLIN EXP, V250, P61, DOI 10.1007-s00417-011-1774-x; YOUNG RW, 1976, INVEST OPHTH VISUAL, V15 ...
Nicola G, Ghazi   +6 more
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Diabetic Macular Edema

2010
Diabetic macular edema (DME), defined as a retinal thickening involving or approaching the center of the macula, represents the most common cause of vision loss in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. In the last few years, many diagnostic tools have proven to be useful in the detection and the monitoring of the features characterizing DME.
F. Bandello   +6 more
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Pathophysiology of Macular Edema

Ophthalmologica, 2010
Macular edema is defined as an accumulation of fluid in the outer plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer as well as a swelling of Müller cells of the retina. It consists of a localized expansion of the retinal extracellular space (sometimes associated with the intracellular space) in the macular area. Macular edema is a common cause of a sudden or
Stefan, Scholl   +2 more
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Diabetic Macular Edema

European Journal of Ophthalmology, 1998
Retinal edema is defined as any increase of water in retinal tissue resulting in an increase in its volume. This increase may be initially intracellular or extracellular. In the first case, there is cytotoxic edema. In the second, vasogenic edema, directly associated with an alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB).
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Diabetic Macular Edema

2014
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the most common causes of visual loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. Many patients continue to lose vision despite laser photocoagulation and medical therapies. The two major categories of medications currently used to treat DME are corticosteroids and anti-VEGF agents.
Fabio, Patelli   +2 more
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General Pathophysiology of Macular Edema

European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010
Macular edema represents a common final pathway for many ocular diseases. Related ocular disorders include diabetic retinopathy, vascular occlusions, postsurgical situations, and uveitic diseases. The key pathophysiologic process is a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, normally preventing water movement in the retina, thus allowing fluid to ...
Scholl, Stefan   +4 more
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