Results 211 to 220 of about 1,570,878 (291)

Obligation, Exemption and Remission: The Multi‐Layered Functioning of the Poll Tax (Cizye) in Ottoman Governance during the Long Eighteenth Century

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley   +1 more source

Castles in the Air: Sectarian Puritanism, the Revolutionary Caribbean and the Forgotten Colony of New Warwick, Trinidad

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article examines an overlooked attempt to colonize the island of Trinidad during the English Revolution of the 1640s. This project was engineered by a consortium of radical puritans, seeking to create a protected enclave in the New World for separatists, anabaptists and other sectaries.
DAVID R. COMO
wiley   +1 more source

The ‘Great Frost’ of 1708–9 in Britain and the Condescensions of Posterity

open access: yesHistory, EarlyView.
Abstract This article explores the ‘great frost’ of 1709 and its impact on economic life in Britain, challenging a popular view that, based on gross domestic product (GDP) estimates, it was catastrophic. It shows that the annual GDP figures for the period have such wide error margins that they cannot establish the scale of the disruption; that the ...
Julian Hoppit
wiley   +1 more source

Sustainable Development Goals Applied to the Maritime Transportation Sector: Setting Sail for the Future

open access: yesNatural Resources Forum, EarlyView.
ABSTRACT The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to eradicate poverty, protect the environment, and promote prosperity through 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Achieving these goals requires a multi‐sectoral approach. Maritime transportation, vital to the global economy, significantly contributes to several SDGs and plays a strategic ...
Cátia Sousa   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Modeling Skin Mark Temporal Variations to Estimate the Sex of Delphinids with Low Sexual Dimorphism: Implications for Management and Conservation

open access: yesIntegrative Zoology, EarlyView.
This work aimed to apply the principles of skin mark analysis to a cetacean species to build a sex‐discrimination model exclusively based on photographic material. Relevant differences between sexes emerged in markings, with males presenting more social, aggression‐related, and fishing‐related marks overall, and a stronger tendency of mark accumulation
Alice Turchi   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

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