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Contrast in judgments of mental health
2023The present study examined contrast in judgments of mental health. Subjects rated word/definition pairs on a 0 (Low) to 100 (High) mental health scale. We first established some pairs as exhibiting Low, Moderate, or High mental health. In Experiment 1, subjects who first saw High words rated Moderate words lower than subjects who first saw Moderate ...
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Low Working Memory Reduces the Use of Mental Contrasting
Consciousness and CognitionMentally contrasting a desired future with reality is a self-regulation strategy that helps people effectively pursue important personal wishes. People with higher self-regulation skills are more likely to spontaneously use mental contrasting. Because one central cognitive function underlying self-regulation is working memory capacity, we investigated ...
Timur Sevincer, Gabriele Oettingen
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Synthese, 2019
Any theory of mind needs to explain mental causation. Kim’s (upward) exclusion argument concludes that non-reductive physicalism cannot meet this challenge. One classic reply is that mental properties capture the causally relevant level of generality, because they are insensitive to physical realization. However, this reply suggests downward exclusion (
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Any theory of mind needs to explain mental causation. Kim’s (upward) exclusion argument concludes that non-reductive physicalism cannot meet this challenge. One classic reply is that mental properties capture the causally relevant level of generality, because they are insensitive to physical realization. However, this reply suggests downward exclusion (
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Demand to Act and Use of Mental Contrasting
Social Psychology, 2018Abstract. Mentally contrasting a desired future with present reality fosters selective goal pursuit: People pursue feasible desired futures and let go from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether people spontaneously use mental contrasting when the demand to act toward their desired future is high.
A. Timur Sevincer +2 more
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Causality orientations and spontaneous mental contrasting
The Journal of General PsychologyMental contrasting is a motivational behavior change strategy necessary for strong goal commitment. Meanwhile, general causality orientations are motivational patterns that represent individuals' motivation for behavior change and the reason for their goal commitment.
Muhaned, Tamim +3 more
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Mental Contrasting and the Self-Regulation of Responding to Negative Feedback
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012Mentally contrasting a desired future with impeding reality promotes goal pursuit when expectations of success are high and curbs goal pursuit when expectations of success are low. Four studies tested whether mental contrasting affects responses to goal-relevant negative feedback. Mental contrasting promoted the processing of negative feedback (Studies
Andreas, Kappes +2 more
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Mental image generation and the contrast sensitivity function
Cognition, 2002In one experiment, observers were instructed to generate small and large visual mental images in a light-adapted or a dark-adapted viewing condition, and to rate the vividness of each image. In light-adapted viewing, small images were generated faster than large images. However, the pattern of results was reversed in dark-adapted viewing.
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Mental contrasting and conciliatory behavior in romantic relationships
Motivation and Emotion, 2019When people in a relationship offend each other, it is important for them to behave in a conciliatory manner if they wish to reconcile. We tested in two studies if mental contrasting (versus other modes of thoughts) is an effective strategy for people to self-regulate their conciliatory behavior.
Schrage, Jana +3 more
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The power of prospection: mental contrasting and behavior change
Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2016Abstract People often immerse themselves in dreams and fantasies about a desired future. Though such future fantasies are pleasant, they do not necessarily lead to the effort required to attain the desired future.
Gabriele Oettingen +1 more
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Mental contrasting of counterfactual fantasies engages people in their present life.
Motivation Science, 2018Positive counterfactuals about an alternative past - “if only” reconstructions of negative life events -are functional in preparing people to act when opportunities to restore the alternative past will arise. If the counterfactual past is lost, counterfactuals are dysfunctional and lead to distress and coping difficulties. In those cases, letting go of
Krott, Nora, Oettingen, Gabriele
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