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Mental rotation by the blind: Does mental rotation depend on visual imagery?

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1976
Congentially blind adventitiously blind, and blindfolded sighted adults made same-different judgments of pairs of tactile forms. Two forms were presented in the same orientation, or one form differed from the other by a clockwise rotation of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, or 150 degrees.
G S, Marmor, L A, Zaback
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On Mental Rotation in Three Dimensions

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1997
Real three-dimensional models and three-dimensional images were used in a test of mental rotation. Although the 33 men performed better than the 33 women when presented three-dimensional images (14.4 and 11.2), this sex difference disappeared when real models were used (17.5 and 17.3).
W, McWilliams   +2 more
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Mental rotation in a commissurotomized subject

Neuropsychologia, 1989
The commissurotomized subject L.B. showed a strong right-hemispheric advantage on a task requiring him to judge rotated letters normal or backward, but a left-hemispheric advantage in a task requiring discrimination of the same letters, implying that the right-hemispheric advantage has to do with mental rotation.
M C, Corballis, J, Sergent
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Handedness and Mental Rotation

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1978
Handedness and mental rotation test scores were examined by sex and generation for 801 individuals in 200 families. An orderly relationship between bilateralization of function on the hand preference task and mental rotation test scores was found.
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Functional Neuroanatomy of Mental Rotation

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
Abstract Brain regions involved in mental rotation were determined by assessing increases in fMRI activation associated with increases in stimulus rotation during a mirror-normal parity-judgment task with letters and digits. A letter–digit category judgment task was used as a control for orientation-dependent neural processing unrelated ...
Branka, Milivojevic   +2 more
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Developmental changes in mental rotation

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1980
Abstract Subjects from Grades 3, 4, 6, and college judged whether pairs of stimuli were identical or mirror-image reversals. One stimulus of a pair was presented upright; the other was rotated 0 to 150° from the standard. The pairs were either alphanumeric symbols or unfamiliar, letter-like characters of the type found on the PMA Spatial Ability Test.
R, Kail, J, Pellegrino, P, Carter
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Mental Rotation, Age, and Conservation

The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1989
Les auteurs reexaminent les relations entre une tache de rotation mentale et la conservation afin de tester l'hypothese de Piaget et Inheldex (1988) selon laquelle des enfants de niveau pre-operatoire ne peuvent pas se representer le mouvement en imagerie ...
D, Foulkes   +3 more
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Developmental differences in mental rotation

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1979
Abstract A reaction time paradigm was used to investigate developmental differences in ability to rotate and compare imaginal representations. Third grade, fifth grade, and college students (ages 9, 11, and 20 years, respectively) were required to determine whether a letter of the alphabet was presented in its backward or normal position.
M K, Childs, J M, Polich
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Mental rotation of tactile stimuli

Cognitive Brain Research, 2002
When subjects decide whether two visual stimuli presented in various orientations are identical or mirror-images, reaction time increases with the angular disparity between the stimuli. The interpretation of this well-known observation is that subjects mentally rotate images of the stimuli until they are in congruence, in order to solve the task.
S C, Prather, K, Sathian
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Mental rotation: an examination of assumptions

WIREs Cognitive Science, 2017
Since first presented by Shepard and Metzler, Science 1971, 171: 701–703, mental rotation has been described as a rotary transformation of a visual stimulus allowing it to be represented in a new orientation. For a given stimulus, the transformation is thought to occur at a constant speed, though speed may vary between stimuli; three‐dimensional ...
Jordan A, Searle, Jeff P, Hamm
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