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The advantage of mentally rotating clockwise

Brain and Cognition, 2011
The time taken to decide whether a character is shown in its mirror or normal version has been shown to increase approximately linearly with the angular departure from an up-right position. Additionally, in some studies, decisions took longer for clockwise tilted characters than for counterclockwise tilted ones.
Heinrich R, Liesefeld, Hubert D, Zimmer
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Toward a chronopsychophysiology of mental rotation

Psychophysiology, 2002
In a parity judgment task, the ERPs at parietal electrode sites become the more negative the more mental rotation has to be executed. In two experiments, it was investigated whether a temporal relationship exists between the onset of this amplitude modulation and the moment when mental rotation is executed.
Martin, Heil, Bettina, Rolke
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Gender Differences in Mental Rotation

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1994
Two experiments were carried out to compare the performance of male and female students at different educational levels on tasks that required mental rotation. Exp. 1 also compared their performance on an overt, male-typed version and a disguised, female-typed version of the same task.
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Mental Rotation and Age Reconsidered

Journal of Gerontology, 1981
Research has established that subjects required to identify tilted patterns do so by first rotating them mentally into an upright position. Gaylord and Marsh (1975) found that the rate of mental rotation of elderly subjects was 84% slower than young subjects.
J, Cerella, L W, Poon, J L, Fozard
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Mental Rotation, Mental Representation, and Flat Slopes

Cognitive Psychology, 1993
The "mental rotation" literature has studied how subjects determine whether two stimuli that differ in orientation have the same handedness. This literature implies that subjects perform the task by imagining the rotation of one of the stimuli to the orientation of the other. This literature has spawned several theories of mental representation.
D, Cohen, M, Kubovy
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In touch with mental rotation: interactions between mental and tactile rotations and motor responses

Experimental Brain Research, 2017
Although several process models have described the cognitive processing stages that are involved in mentally rotating objects, the exact nature of the rotation process itself remains elusive. According to embodied cognition, cognitive functions are deeply grounded in the sensorimotor system.
Johannes, Lohmann   +2 more
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Mental rotation: An event-related potential study with a validated mental rotation task

Brain and Cognition, 1989
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects performed a validated mental rotation task, taken from the cognitive psychology literature. These ERPs show a late posterior negativity relative to a baseline condition requiring all of the same perceptual and cognitive processes except for the mental rotation itself.
F, Peronnet, M J, Farah
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Saccades to mentally rotated targets

Experimental Brain Research, 1999
In order to investigate the role of mental rotation in the directional control of eye movements, we instructed subjects to make saccades in directions different from that of a visual stimulus (rotated saccades). Saccadic latency increased linearly with the amount of directional transformation imposed between the stimulus and the response. This supports
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Mental Rotation and the Right Hemisphere

Brain and Language, 1997
Mental rotation may be considered a prototypical example of a higher-order transformational process that is nonsymbolic and analog as opposed to propositional. It is therefore a paradigm case for testing the view that these properties are fundamentally right-hemispheric.
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Sex differences in mental rotation tasks: Not just in the mental rotation process!

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978) consistently produces large sex differences favoring men (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). In this task, participants select 2 of 4 answer choices that are rotations of a probe stimulus. Incorrect choices (i.e., foils) are either mirror reflections of the probe or structurally different.
Alexander P. Boone, Mary Hegarty
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