Results 81 to 90 of about 51,880 (241)

An expanding range of targets for kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan [PDF]

, 2013
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism accounts for most of the tryptophan that is not committed to protein synthesis and includes compounds active in the nervous and immune systems.
Darlington, L. Gail, Stone, Trevor W., Stoy, Nicholas   +2 more
core   +1 more source

Adaptations to hypoxia in the vertebrate retina

The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
Abstract figure legend Most animals, including mammals, are susceptible to the damaging effects of hypoxia or ischaemia, where the result is neuronal cell death in the brain. By contrast, some neurons of the mammalian retina are less sensitive to hypoxia. In both brain and retina, neurons may survive if first preconditioned with ischaemia.
Michael G. Jonz
wiley   +1 more source

On the hierarchical classification of G Protein-Coupled Receptors [PDF]

, 2007
Motivation: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in many physiological systems by transducing an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. Over 50% of all marketed drugs are targeted towards a GPCR.
A. A. Freitas, A. Secker, Attwood, Bhasin, Bhasin, Bissantz, Cardoso, Christopoulos, D. R. Flower, Das, Davies, Flower, Flower, Foord, Gether, Gloriam, Guo, Horn, H  bert, J. Timmis, Karchin, Keerthi, Klabunde, Kolakowski, Lapinsh, M. Mendao, M. N. Davies, Milligan, Papasaikas, Prabhu, Sandberg, Schi  th   +31 more
core   +2 more sources

The mysterious middlemen making your vision pop: understanding the function of amacrine cells

The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
Abstract figure legend This review aims to illustrate the diversity and function of amacrine cells in the retina. The diversity of amacrine cell subtypes is depicted based on morphology, stratification and neurotransmitter expression, along with their synaptic connectivity with bipolar and ganglion cells, emphasizing inhibitory and modulatory roles ...
Victor Calbiague‐Garcia, Deborah Varro, Thomas Buffet, Olivier Marre   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Repeated \u3cem\u3eN\u3c/em\u3e-Acetylcysteine Administration Alters Plasticity-Dependent Effects of Cocaine [PDF]

, 2007
Cocaine produces a persistent reduction in cystine–glutamate exchange via system xc− in the nucleus accumbens that may contribute to pathological glutamate signaling linked to addiction.
Abdulhameed, Omer, Baker, David A., Grier, Mark D., Hearing, Matthew, Kau, Kristen S., Lobner, Doug, Madayag, Aric, Mantsch, John R.   +7 more
core   +1 more source

Modulation of the GABAergic pathway for the treatment of fragile X syndrome. [PDF]

, 2014
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and the most common single-gene cause of autism. It is caused by mutations on the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) and lack of fragile X mental retardation ...
Hagerman, Randi J, Hare, Emma B, Lozano, Reymundo   +2 more
core   +1 more source

Astrocytes: Orchestrators of brain gas exchange and oxygen homeostasis

The Journal of Physiology, EarlyView.
Abstract figure legend Oxygen and carbon dioxide enter the body via breathing; in the brain astrocytes play a key role balancing oxygen delivery with carbon dioxide removal. Abstract If we consider neurons like muscles during exercise, the demand for oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination is constantly changing.
Isabel N. Christie
wiley   +1 more source

Neurotransmitter modulation of extracellular H+ fluxes from isolated retinal horizontal cells of the skate

, 2004
Self-referencing H+-selective microelectrodes were used to measure extracellular H+ fluxes from horizontal cells isolated from the skate retina. A standing H+ flux was detected from quiescent cells, indicating a higher concentration of free hydrogen ions
Birnbaum, Andrea D., Hammar, Katherine, Malchow, Robert Paul, Molina, Anthony J.A, Smith, Peter J.S., Verzi, Michael P., Yamoah, Ebenezer N.   +6 more
core   +2 more sources

Diverse Subpopulations of Reactive Astrocytes Following Chronic Toxoplasma Infection

Glia, Volume 73, Issue 10, Page 2003-2024, October 2025.
Main Points Toxoplasma infection results in distinct astrocyte subpopulations. Chronically labeled reactive astrocytes appear transcriptionally plastic and can regain acute inflammatory responding and naive homeostatic astrocytic gene patterns in the presence of ongoing neuroinflammation.
Zoe A. Figueroa, Jose L. Martin, Arzu Ulu, William Agnew‐Svoboda, Teresa Ubina, Martin M. Riccomagno, Todd A. Fiacco, Emma H. Wilson   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Surface clustering of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 induced by long Homer proteins [PDF]

BMC Neuroscience, 2006
AbstractBackgroundMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic strength. The group I mGluRs, mGluR1 and 5, are widespread in the brain and localize to post-synaptic sites. The Homer protein family regulates group I mGluR function and distribution.
openaire   +4 more sources