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Middle-Income Trap - Threat or Reality
Contemporary Economics, 2021 The middle-income trap (MIT) describes obstacles to sustainable growth experienced by some middle-income countries. The initial growth of emerging economies is often characterized by reliance on labor intense, import driven factors, facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI).
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Problemy Ekorozwoju, 2023 One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations is to promote, sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. However, it is observed that many countries struggle to move up from the middle-income to high-income level ...
Veli Yilanci +2 more
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The Middle-Income Trap Turns Ten [PDF]
, 2015 Since we introduced the term “middle-income trap” in 2006, it has become popular among policy makers and researchers. In May 2015, a search of Google Scholar returned more than 3,000 articles including the term and about 300 articles with the term in the title. This paper provides a (non-exhaustive) survey of this literature.
Kharas, Homi, Gill, Indermit S.
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Strategi Menghadapi Middle Income Trap: Pengalaman Dari Cina, Meksiko Dan Korea Selatan
Jurnal Wacana Kinerja, 2022 Middle Income Trap (MIT) adalah fenomena yang banyak mengancam negara-negara berkembang yang sedang berusaha membangun ekonominya. MIT dimaknai sebagai suatu situasi dimana negara-negara berpendapatan menengah (middle-income countries) sulit meningkatkan
Masrully Masrully
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CAUGHT IN THE MIDDLE? THE ECONOMICS OF MIDDLE‐INCOME TRAPS [PDF]
Journal of Economic Surveys, 2016 AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the recent analytical and empirical literature on middle‐income traps. The first part examines the descriptive and statistical evidence on these traps. The second discusses the various arguments that have been put forward to explain the existence, and persistence, of middle‐income traps.
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Old wine and new bottles: A critical appraisal of the middle-income trap in BRICS countries
Russian Journal of Economics, 2018 The idea of a middle-income trap is now over a decade old and continues to be applied to growth paths which have not been self-sustaining. With the bulk of emerging markets now approaching middle-income status, and given the reality of slower growth for ...
Christopher A. Hartwell
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Low Level of Innovativeness and the Middle Income Trap – Polish Case Study
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 2014 The aim of this paper was to verify whether Poland managed to avoid or still might fall into the middle income trap. The paper provides a literature overview concerning the middle income trap.
Kamil Pruchnik, Jerzy Toborowicz
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The Middle-Income Trap 2.0: The Increasing Role of Human Capital in the Age of Automation and Implications for Developing Asia [PDF]
, 2018 In our paper, we modify the concept of the middle-income trap (MIT) against the background of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the (future) challenges of automation (creating the concept of the “MIT 2.0”).
Glawe, Linda, Wagner, Helmut
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Growth Slowdowns and the Middle-Income Trap
IMF Working Papers, 2013 The “middle-income trap” is the phenomenon of hitherto rapidly growing economies stagnating at middle-income levels and failing to graduate into the ranks of high-income countries. In this study we examine the middle-income trap as a special case of growth slowdowns, which are identified as large sudden and sustained deviations from the growth path ...
Shekhar Aiyar +4 more
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The emergence of three human development clubs. [PDF]
PLoS ONE, 2013 We examine the joint distribution of levels of income per capita, life expectancy, and years of schooling across countries in 1960 and in 2000. In 1960 countries were clustered in two groups; a rich, highly educated, high longevity "developed" group and ...
Sebastian Vollmer +4 more
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