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We decompose a 219 year sample of U.S. real output data into permanent and transitory shocks. We find reductions in volatility of output growth and inflation, starting in the mid 1980s, consistent with the “Great Moderation” noted by many others. More importantly, we find periods of even more substantial reduction in volatilities.
John W. Keating, Victor J. Valcarcel
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De Sinopoli, F +2 more
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The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2021
This work provides a conceptual introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis in psychological research. We discuss the concepts of direct effect, indirect effect, total effect, conditional effect, conditional direct effect ...
J. Igartua, A. Hayes
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This work provides a conceptual introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis in psychological research. We discuss the concepts of direct effect, indirect effect, total effect, conditional effect, conditional direct effect ...
J. Igartua, A. Hayes
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Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Science, 2003In a prospective-longitudinal study of a representative birth cohort, we tested why stressful experiences lead to depression in some people but not in others. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HT T) gene was
A. Caspi +10 more
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Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis
The Cambridge Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, 2020Statistical mediation and moderation analyses are among the most widely used data analysis techniques in social science, health, and business research.
Nicholas J. Rockwood, A. Hayes
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Economic Theory, 2023
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Do Not Recommend? Reduction as a Form of Content Moderation
Social Media + Society, 2022Public debate about content moderation has overwhelmingly focused on removal: social media platforms deleting content and suspending users, or opting not to do so. However, removal is not the only available remedy.
Tarleton Gillespie
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Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, 2011
A large fraction of user-generated content on the Web, such as posts or comments on popular online forums, consists of abuse or spam. Due to the volume of contributions on popular sites, a few trusted moderators cannot identify all such abusive content, so viewer ratings of contributions must be used for moderation. But not all viewers who rate content
Arpita Ghosh +2 more
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A large fraction of user-generated content on the Web, such as posts or comments on popular online forums, consists of abuse or spam. Due to the volume of contributions on popular sites, a few trusted moderators cannot identify all such abusive content, so viewer ratings of contributions must be used for moderation. But not all viewers who rate content
Arpita Ghosh +2 more
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WildGuard: Open One-Stop Moderation Tools for Safety Risks, Jailbreaks, and Refusals of LLMs
Neural Information Processing SystemsWe introduce WildGuard -- an open, light-weight moderation tool for LLM safety that achieves three goals: (1) identifying malicious intent in user prompts, (2) detecting safety risks of model responses, and (3) determining model refusal rate.
Seungju Han +7 more
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Materials Science and Technology, 1990
AbstractA brief account is given of the development stages of graphite moderators for Magnox and advanced gas cooled reactors. The accident at Windscale in 1957 brought to worldwide attention the importance of irradiation damage in graphite and the consequent storage of Wigner energy.
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AbstractA brief account is given of the development stages of graphite moderators for Magnox and advanced gas cooled reactors. The accident at Windscale in 1957 brought to worldwide attention the importance of irradiation damage in graphite and the consequent storage of Wigner energy.
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