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RF Negative Ion Sources and Polarized Ion Sources
2016The requirement of a neutral beam injection system with hydrogen or deuterium beam energy up to 1 MeV for the ITER project has recently triggered new research on negative ion sources, from production to acceleration and neutralization before the injection in the tokamak.
N. Ippolito +4 more
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Negative Ion Source Technology
1992Negative ion sources are based on either of two basic processes: the formation of negative ions by atomic and/or molecular processes in a gas discharge, and induced emission of negative ions from surfaces (sputtering, desorption, double charge exchange of reflected positive ions).
H. J. Hopman, R. M. A. Heeren
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IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2008
This paper reviews recent progress in developing high current density ion sources for positive and negative halogen ion beams. These sources have produced CI- current densities almost equal to their positive chlorine current densities, and also close to the current densities of Ar+ beams extracted under similar conditions.
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This paper reviews recent progress in developing high current density ion sources for positive and negative halogen ion beams. These sources have produced CI- current densities almost equal to their positive chlorine current densities, and also close to the current densities of Ar+ beams extracted under similar conditions.
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Ion Source for Low-Energy Negative Ions
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1962A negative ion source is described which is capable of producing negative ion beams of moderate intensity, but with relatively narrow spread in ion energy. The source consists essentially of a jet of gas intersected by an electron beam. The pressure in the vicinity of the thermionic electron source is kept low by differential pumping.
E. E. Muschlitz +2 more
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Source for negative halogen ions
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1977A simple and inexpensive ion source has been developed for collision dynamic studies. The negative halogen ions are produced by negative surface ionization at a hot surface of LaB6. Because of the selectivity of this ionization process mass selection is not necessary. Emission densities of 10−4 A/cm2 at an energy spread of 0.55 eV are obtained.
N. Kashihira, E. Vietzke, G. Zellermann
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Intense negative heavy ion sources
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1990Negative ion sources based on plasma‐surface interactions (BLAKE ion source) have been developed at KEK for producing negative heavy ions. The first negative heavy ion source (BLAKE‐II) was developed by modifying the ordinary negative hydrogen ion source with converter (BLAKE‐I) placed into the plasma.
Yoshiharu Mori +4 more
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Surface ionization negative ion source
Applied Physics Letters, 1976A negative ion source that utilizes a porous lanthanum hexaboride surface to generate iodine ions is described. Iodine vapor supplied to the back of the lanthanum hexaboride ionizer from a reservoir percolates through to the front surface where the iodine is evaporated as ions. The peak ion current obtained—2.1 mA at an ion energy of 0.3 keV—leads to a
I. Rachidi +4 more
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Multi-sample negative ion source
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1996A cesium sputter, negative ion source was developed and built at Triumf. While designed for accelerator mass spectrometry, it can be applied in any field requiring intensive negative ion beams covering the whole range from hydrogen to uranium. The source features an internal cesium oven and simplified target insulation.
W. Z. Gelbart +5 more
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Surface negative ion production in ion sources
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1993Negative ion sources and the mechanisms for negative ion production are reviewed. Several classes of sources with surface origin of negative ions are examined in detail: surface-plasma sources where ion production occurs on the electrode in contact with the plasma, and ‘‘pure surface’’ sources where ion production occurs due to conversion or desorption
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Reversal ion source: A new source of negative ion beams
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1985We demonstrate a new type of ion source for producing either pulsed or continuous negative ion beams. The source, dubbed the ‘‘reversal ion source,’’ utilizes an electrostatic ‘‘mirror’’ which reverses trajectories in an electron beam, producing electrons at their turning point having a distribution of velocities centered at zero velocity.
O. J. Orient +2 more
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