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Nonlinear Observer Design by Observer Error Linearization
SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 1989The paper discusses the following problem. Given a nonlinear control system \(\dot x=f(x,u)\), \(y=h(x)\), when does there exist a coordinate transformation \(z=\phi (x)\), such that in the new coordinates the system takens the form \(\dot z=Az+g(y,u)\), \(y=Cz\), where the appropriately dimensioned matrices A and C are in observer canonical form (or ...
Xia, Xiao-Hua, Gao, Wei-Bin
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Observer error in serial radiography
Tubercle, 1956Summary 500 pairs of chest radiographs of patients attending a chest clinic were examined independently by two physicians and a radiologist. The films were assessed as showing no change, improvement or deterioration. There was agreement in 424 (85 per cent).
A H, COUCH, P H, SUTTON, R S, THORPE
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Abstract Experimentalists frequently refer to sources of error, the factors ranging from dirty glassware and contaminated samples to confounding variables and mistaken assumptions that can produce misleading results or faulty conclusions.
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Observer Error in Ultrasonic Fetal Cephalometry
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 1975Abstract. Although ultrasonic fetal cephalometry gives quite accurate results, a certain degree of observer error must be expected. In a series of duplicate measurements, the magnitude of this error has been assessed. The observer error was lowest when the fetal head was partly engaged in the pelvic inlet, when the midline echo was clearly observed ...
P, Bergsjoo, T, Bakke, L, Salamonsen
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Errors of observation and systematic errors
Contemporary Physics, 1966Summary Methods of displaying results of repeated measurements, and choice of measures of scatter are considered. It is argued that graphical displays and a 50 per cent probability as basis for expression of errors are simpler than, and in many cases as useful as, any other method.
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2006
In this chapter we have discussed various forms of field assessment available for monitoring the quality of a habitat, concentrating on three principal components: vegetation cover, species composition, and vegetation height.
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In this chapter we have discussed various forms of field assessment available for monitoring the quality of a habitat, concentrating on three principal components: vegetation cover, species composition, and vegetation height.
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Journal of Navigation, 1949
The calculation and publication of the errors in measured altitudes due to tilt of the sextant serve a useful purpose in impressing users more strongly with the need for care than does the unbacked advice to rock the sextant always given in the text-books, and also in indicating that carelessness carries greater penalties the greater the altitude.
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The calculation and publication of the errors in measured altitudes due to tilt of the sextant serve a useful purpose in impressing users more strongly with the need for care than does the unbacked advice to rock the sextant always given in the text-books, and also in indicating that carelessness carries greater penalties the greater the altitude.
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1972
Although physics is an exact science, the pointer readings of the physicist’s instruments do not give the exact values of the quantities measured. All measurements in physics and in science generally are inaccurate in some degree, so that what is sometimes called the “accurate” value or the “actual” value of a physical quantity, such as a length, a ...
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Although physics is an exact science, the pointer readings of the physicist’s instruments do not give the exact values of the quantities measured. All measurements in physics and in science generally are inaccurate in some degree, so that what is sometimes called the “accurate” value or the “actual” value of a physical quantity, such as a length, a ...
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