Results 171 to 180 of about 759,000 (336)

Impact of Ocean, Sea Ice or Atmosphere Initialization on Seasonal Prediction of Regional Antarctic Sea Ice

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Dynamical modeling is widely utilized for Antarctic sea ice prediction. However, the relative impact of initializing different model components remains unclear.
Yongwu Xiu, Yiguo Wang, Hao Luo, Lilian Garcia‐Oliva, Qinghua Yang   +4 more
doaj   +1 more source

Cyclone‐induced mixing and stratification shape autumnal hypoxia in a temperate estuary

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2026.
Abstract Autumnal hypoxia in temperate estuaries is often overlooked due to its smaller extent, weaker intensity, and sparse observations compared to summer. However, climate variability may alter its seasonality. Using 40 yr (1984–2023) of hypoxic volume data from the Chesapeake Bay, combined with numerical simulations, we examined interannual drivers
Chunqi Shen, Jeremy M. Testa
wiley   +1 more source

Systematic Benchmarking of Climate Models: Methodologies, Applications, and New Directions

Reviews of Geophysics, Volume 64, Issue 1, March 2026.
Abstract As climate models become increasingly complex, there is a growing need to comprehensively and systematically assess model performance with respect to observations. Given the increasing number and diversity of climate model simulations in use, the community has moved beyond simple model intercomparison and toward developing methods capable of ...
Birgit Hassler, Forrest M. Hoffman, Rebecca Beadling, Ed Blockley, Bo Huang, Jiwoo Lee, Valerio Lembo, Jared Lewis, Jianhua Lu, Luke Madaus, Elizaveta Malinina, Brian Medeiros, Wilfried Pokam, Enrico Scoccimarro, Ranjini Swaminathan   +14 more
wiley   +1 more source

Physics‐Based Versus AI Weather Prediction Models: A Comparative Performance Assessment of Atmospheric River Prediction

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract Machine learning (ML) poses a potential paradigm shift in weather forecasting, but critical questions arise regarding its ability to predict high‐impact weather events. This study evaluates five state‐of‐the‐art ML models—Aurora, GraphCast, PanguWeather, FourCastNetV2, FourCastNet—in forecasting U.S.
Isaac W. Davis, Aneesh Subramanian, Timothy B. Higgins, Agniv Sengupta, Luca Delle Monache   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Seasonal to Interannual Cross‐Scale Energy Transfer Variability: Observational Insight From the Santa Barbara Channel

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract Kinetic energy (KE) transfer between spatial scales contributes to the ocean's energy budget by linking scales of KE supply and KE dissipation. Numerical simulations have indicated that for scales smaller than the baroclinic deformation radius, cross‐scale KE transfer has complex spatial and temporal variability, modulated by mixed layer ...
Sara Taylor, Andrew F. Thompson, Luke Kachelein, Patrice Klein   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Subtropical Atmospheric Response to Extratropical SST Warming in the Western North Pacific Under Atmospheric Internal Variability

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region have been increasingly recognized as playing a key role in shaping the extratropical air–sea interactions. However, the extent to which such extratropical SST forcing can influence large‐scale atmospheric circulation and surrounding SST remains uncertain ...
Itsuki Miura, Youichi Tanimoto
wiley   +1 more source

Attributing Long‐Term Trends in Marine Low Cloud Morphologies to Aerosols and Large‐Scale Meteorology With Deep Learning

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract The response of marine low‐cloud mesoscale morphologies to climate change and emission reductions remains poorly understood. Here, we link long‐term trends in six cloud morphologies to variations in large‐scale meteorology and aerosols. The trends show strong spatial heterogeneity, with closed and disorganized mesoscale cellular convection ...
Jihu Liu, Yang Cao, Yuanyuan Wu, Yannian Zhu, Daniel Rosenfeld, Yu Zhang, Kang‐En Huang, Minghuai Wang   +7 more
wiley   +1 more source

Benchmarking Atmospheric Circulation Variability in an AI Emulator, ACE2, and a Hybrid Model, NeuralGCM

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract Physics‐based atmosphere‐land models with prescribed sea surface temperature have notable successes but also biases in their ability to represent atmospheric variability compared to observations. Recently, AI emulators and hybrid models have emerged with the potential to overcome these biases, but still require systematic evaluation against ...
I. Baxter, H. A. Pahlavan, P. Hassanzadeh, K. Rucker, T. A. Shaw   +4 more
wiley   +1 more source

Tropical TCV as a Process Diagnostic: Connecting Probability to Processes in km–Scale Models Via Moisture Budget Statistics

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 53, Issue 4, 28 February 2026.
Abstract Observations show a bimodal frequency distribution in total column vapor (TCV) over tropical oceans, with convective rainfall predominantly produced on the moist side of the frequency minimum between two modal peaks. Here we show a km–scale model of the tropics with explicit convection produces a bimodal TCV distribution, whereas the same ...
James Bassford, John Marsham, Ben Maybee, Douglas J. Parker   +3 more
wiley   +1 more source

Operational seasonal and interannual predictions of ocean conditions [PDF]

Dr. Leetmaa described current work at the U.S. National Meteorological Center (NMC) on coupled systems leading to a seasonal prediction system. He described the way in which ocean thermal data is quality controlled and used in a four dimensional data ...
Leetmaa, Ants
core   +1 more source