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2017
The surface waters of oceans and seas have been exposed long-term to multiple anthropogenic contaminations, waste heat, and heat transfer from the warming atmosphere. Absorption of ca. 170 GT CO2 since the beginning of industrialisation has caused on average a reduction of pH by 0.1. Between 1871 and 2005, heat transfer from the atmosphere has resulted
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The surface waters of oceans and seas have been exposed long-term to multiple anthropogenic contaminations, waste heat, and heat transfer from the warming atmosphere. Absorption of ca. 170 GT CO2 since the beginning of industrialisation has caused on average a reduction of pH by 0.1. Between 1871 and 2005, heat transfer from the atmosphere has resulted
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Arctic sea ice, ocean, and climate evolution
Science, 2023Wind variability affects the rate of Arctic sea ice ...
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Oceanic Whitecaps and Sea State
Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1979Abstract Results of white-cap coverages of the ocean surface obtained by previous investigators in both the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean are reanalyzed. The variation of coverage with wind velocity appears to be related to the rate of energy supplied by the wind.
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2008
Introduction The deep sea is defined as water depth greater than 200 m, thereby excluding the continental shelf (Chapter 15). Deep-sea environments are present over 65% of the Earth's surface, and include ocean basins, oceanic trenches, island-arc basins, marginal seas, and downfaulted continental borderlands (Figure 18.1).
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Introduction The deep sea is defined as water depth greater than 200 m, thereby excluding the continental shelf (Chapter 15). Deep-sea environments are present over 65% of the Earth's surface, and include ocean basins, oceanic trenches, island-arc basins, marginal seas, and downfaulted continental borderlands (Figure 18.1).
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Heat-flow measurements in the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1966Eight heat-flow stations in the Atlantic Ocean southeast of Bermuda and on the outer ridge of the Puerto Rico trench have a mean of 1.01 μcal/cm2 sec. A single station on the mid-Atlantic ridge gave a value of 0.90μcal/cm2 sec. The results of four stations north of the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean range from 0.87 to 1.35 μcal/cm2 sec.
F. S. Birch, A. J. Halunen
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Sea-Level and Ocean Heat-Content Change
2013Abstract The ocean has the largest heat capacity in the climate system and as a result the ocean plays a critical role in the climate. Changes in ocean heat content dominate the Earth’s energy storage; and the ocean’s thermal expansion has been a major contributor to sea-level rise in the twentieth century and likely to be the largest contributor in ...
Church, J.A. +4 more
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Oceans and air–sea interaction
2011Since the publication of the First Edition of this book, many new studies have focused on the role of air–sea interaction in tropical atmospheric intraseasonal variability (ISV). The aim of this section is to summarize the results of these new studies and to extract their main conclusions.
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Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean
Marine Micropaleontology, 1991Abstract Holococcolithophorids formed half of the total number of species of the 1985 summer coccolithophorid flora in surface waters of the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic. They showed highest frequencies under oligotrophic conditions. Fifty-four taxa of holococcolithophorids were identified.
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