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A Miniaturized Wireless Micropump Enabled by Confined Acoustic Streaming. [PDF]

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Orthometric Heights Without Leveling

Journal of Surveying Engineering, 1987
Orthometric heights can be obtained without leveling by combining gravimetrically determined geoidal heights and ellipsoidal heights derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) interferometry. The accuracy of the orthometric heights is dependent on the accuracy of each of the two components.
K. P. Schwarz   +2 more
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The orthometric height and the holonomity problem

Journal of Geodesy, 2006
When height networks are being adjusted, many geodesists advocate the approach where the adjustment should be done by using geopotential numbers rather than the orthometric or normal heights used in practice. This is based on a conviction that neither orthometric nor normal heights can be used for the adjustment because these height systems are not ...
SANSO', FERNANDO, P. Vanicek
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Measuring Land Subsidence Using GPS: Ellipsoid Height versus Orthometric Height

Journal of Surveying Engineering, 2015
AbstractGlobal positioning system (GPS) technology has been frequently used to monitor geological hazards associated with ground deformations, such as long-term landslides and subsidence. When GPS data are processed, they yield ellipsoid heights, which are the distances above a smooth ellipsoid surface.
Guoquan Wang, Tomás Soler
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GPS – A TOOL FOR ORTHOMETRIC HEIGHT DETERMINATIONS

Survey Review, 1994
AbstractOrthometric height differences derived from spirit levelling and relative GPS measurements are compared. Combined geoid solutions using the OSU89B geopotential model with terrestrial gravimetry are used to transform the ellipsoidal height differences from GPS to the orthometric height differences. An agreement of better than 2 parts per million
J. R. Gilliland, D. S. Jaksa
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Deriving orthometric height using global geopotential models (GGMs)

2016 7th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC), 2016
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the orthometric height derived by combination of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and global geoid height information over Peninsular Malaysia. The global geoid height information is derived from recent Global Geopotential Models (GGMs); combined and satellite-only solution.
Saiful Aman Hj Sulaiman   +4 more
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