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Foreign banks in Bulgaria, 1875-2002 [PDF]

We use the analogy of ecological succession as our conceptual framework. We apply this analogy to the history of foreign banks in Bulgaria and argue that the current predominance of foreign banks is unlikely to be permanent, even without government ...
Adrian E. Tschoegl, Kenneth Koford
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The Empire is Dead, Long Live the Empire! Long-Run Persistence of Trust and Corruption in the Bureaucracy [PDF]

Do empires affect attitudes towards the state long after their demise? We hypothesize that the Habsburg Empire with its localized and well-respected administration increased citizens’ trust in local public services. In several Eastern European countries,
Christa Hainz +3 more
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Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921-2021 (an analytical descriptive study). [PDF]

Heliyon, 2023
Bani Issa MS.
europepmc +1 more source

Trade and Empire, 1700-1870 [PDF]

This paper surveys the rise and fall of the European mercantilist system, and the transition to the modern, well-integrated international economy of the 19th century.
Guillaume Daudin +2 more
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Centralization, Decentralization, and Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa [PDF]

This paper examines broadly the intergovernmental structure in the Middle East and North Africa region, which has one of the most centralized government structures in the world. The authors address the reasons behind this centralized structure by looking
Tosun, Mehmet Serkan, Yilmaz, Serdar
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Stakeholder-based assessment of historical urban landscapes as cultural heritage within the context of sustainable development: a case study of İznik (Nikaia). [PDF]