Particle physics - Open Access .click

2010
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the tiniest object matters and the forces that govern them. All matters are composed of leptons, quarks, and elementary particles that are called bosons. Boson serves as the carriers of the force between particles. The lepton family includes the electron, muon, tau, and their neutrinos.
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Particles and Physics [PDF]

, 2010
Particles are difficult to define because they can be used for so many different purposes. They can be fire, dust, water, smoke, and a lot more. Particles are typically lots of items (often thousands) that flow from an emitter object. They can be affected by elements such as the wind (we will look at this early in the chapter).
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Cosmology and Particle Physics

1985
In the past five years or so progress in both elementary particle physics and in cosmology has become increasingly dependent upon the interplay between the two disciplines. On the particle physics side, the SU(3) c × SU(2) L × U(1)Y model seems to very accurately describe the interactions of quarks and leptons at energies below, say, 103 GeV.
Michael S. Turner, Michael S. Turner
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