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Active and Passive Euthanasia [PDF]

open access: closedNew England Journal of Medicine, 1975
The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. The conventional doctrine is that there is such an important moral difference between the two that, although the latter is sometimes permissible, the former is always forbidden. This doctrine may be challenged for several reasons.
James Rachels
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Active and Passive Euthanasia

open access: closedEthics, 1976
Recently the Canadian Medical Association has indicated its approval, under certain conditions, of some kinds of instances of what is called "passive" euthanasia. The need for some kind of ruling in this direction is made urgent by very pressing, widespread problems introduced by recent developments in medical technology.
Douglas Walton
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Passive and active euthanasia: What is the difference?

open access: closedMedicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 2007
In order to discuss the normative aspects of euthanasia one has to clarify what is meant by active and passive euthanasia. Many philosophers deny the possibility of distinguishing the two by purely descriptive means, e.g. on the basis of theories of action or the differences between acting and omitting to act.
Bernward Gesang
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Passive Euthanasia in Dementia: Killing … or Letting Die?

open access: closedMedicine, Science and the Law, 2001
A sample of carers was asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire designed to collect information about carers' characteristics and obtain their views on passive euthanasia. Each carer was given an information sheet about the study, which included a detailed and clear account for the different types of euthanasia.
Emad Salib, George Tadros
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Passive euthanasia of defective newborn infants: legal considerations.

open access: closedThe Journal of Pediatrics, 1976
The recent increase in reporting of passive euthanasia of defective newborn infants has not been accompanied by extensive analysis of the legality of the practice or the appropriateness of current law. There appears to be criminal liability on several grounds for parents, physicians, nurses, and administrators.
John A. Robertson, Norman Fost
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Passive Euthanasia

Annals of Internal Medicine, 1980
info:eu-repo/semantics ...
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Active and Passive Euthanasia

Philosophy, 1978
This paper is divided into three sections. The first presents some examples of the killing/letting die distinction. The second draws a further distinction between what I call negative and positive cases of acting or refraining. Here I argue that the moral significance of the acting/refraining distinction is different for positive and for negative cases.
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