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European Union Direct Payments to Farmers Revisited [PDF]
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009 A logistic function framework is used to allocate European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) direct payments to farmers among the different member states. Total CAP expenditure is the starting point for the process, which contemplates two phases.
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The Effects of a Payments Union: A Stochastic Analysis
1997In the benchmark model of Chapter 3, we examined the impact of a clearing union on the international budget constraint of a soft-currency member country. Payments unions differ from clearing unions in providing for the multilateral extension of credit from regional surplus countries to regional deficit countries beyond the clearing periods. In order to
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The Impact of Payments Unions on Economic Growth
1997Our discussion in Chapters 3 and 4 concludes that a payments union may have important effects on the economies of member countries by expanding the international budget constraint. Given these effects, a successful payments union should positively affect both national income and the observed rate of economic growth in its member countries.
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Trade unions and the non‐payment of wages in Russia
International Journal of Manpower, 1998In the absence of slavery, worker and employer enter into an enforceable contractual agreement whereby the former is regularly paid by the latter. The systematic non‐payment of wages in Russia is the most tangible manifestation of the absence of the rule of law in that country and represents a potent obstacle to the development of effective trade ...
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Overborrowing and Balance of Payments Imbalances in a Monetary Union
Review of International Economics, 2015AbstractThe sources of the balance of payments imbalances in the Euro area can be characterized by a combination of four phenomena: (i) the credit imbalances between the core and the periphery of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) (ii) the credit misallocation between the tradable and the nontradable sectors in the periphery (iii) the rapid increase
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European payment system and monetary union
2004We make a comparative study of payment systems for E.U. -fifteen countries for the 1996-2002 period. Special attention is paid to the introduction of the new European single currency. The overall trend in payments is for a move from cash to noncash payment instruments, although electronic instruments are not widely used yet.
Utrero González, Natalia +1 more
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On Central Banks’ Payment Systems within Unions
2013While Feldstein gave a lot of importance to the labor market, stressing that Europe’s was not a single market, and to the role of fiscal rules and of the existence of a central fiscal authority in the US, he ignored, or downplayed, other factors that might also be important. One of these is the specific arrangements that exist, within the US and within
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The European Payments Union: Financial Diplomacy in the 1950s.
The Economic Journal, 1990William Diebold +2 more
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