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Silicon Photomultipliers - End of the Photomultiplier Tubes Era
LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, 2007The principle of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is discussed. The SiPM structure is based on the array of submicron semiconductor micro-cells, working in breakdown mode with integrated quenching elements and common electrode. The characteristics and the operational conditions of the SiPM is presented.
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Afterpulses in Photomultipliers
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1967Present fabrication and activation techniques have reduced afterpulses from most photomultipliers to a point where they are rarely important. Nevertheless, with some tubes in certain applications they may present a serious problem. More important, however, is the fact that the study of afterpulsing gives valuable clues to the nature of dark current in ...
G. A. Morton, H. M. Smith, R. Wasserman
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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1979
A unique photomultiplier tube has been designed, fabricated and studied. The quadrant tube has four transmission-mode K2CsSb (bialkali) photocathodes in a single 81mm square glass envelope. A novel electron multiplier structure with four independent anodes supplies secondary emission gains of 105 or more.
D. E. Persyk +3 more
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A unique photomultiplier tube has been designed, fabricated and studied. The quadrant tube has four transmission-mode K2CsSb (bialkali) photocathodes in a single 81mm square glass envelope. A novel electron multiplier structure with four independent anodes supplies secondary emission gains of 105 or more.
D. E. Persyk +3 more
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Review of Scientific Instruments, 1969
Three methods of switching photomultipliers (pulsing of the first dynodes, pulsing of the whole chain, pulsing of the last dynodes) have been tested and compared on the grounds of a good on/off ratio, a low electrical noise, and a short risetime of the gain.
F. De Marco, E. Penco
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Three methods of switching photomultipliers (pulsing of the first dynodes, pulsing of the whole chain, pulsing of the last dynodes) have been tested and compared on the grounds of a good on/off ratio, a low electrical noise, and a short risetime of the gain.
F. De Marco, E. Penco
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Comparison of NaI coupled to photomultiplier tube and silicon photomultiplier
2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Proceedings (NSS/MIC), 2018The NaI scintillator has been widely used for decades. In recent years, the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), a new photosensor based on semiconductor technologies, has attracted a great deal of attention and has started replacing the conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT) in some applications.
Felix Liang, Les Hoy
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Review of Scientific Instruments, 1958
Various ways of pulsing photomultipliers are investigated. Some drawbacks inherent to the conventional methods are pointed out; a new pulsing method is suggested and experimentally studied, which avoids these inconveniences.
U. Farinelli, R. Malvano
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Various ways of pulsing photomultipliers are investigated. Some drawbacks inherent to the conventional methods are pointed out; a new pulsing method is suggested and experimentally studied, which avoids these inconveniences.
U. Farinelli, R. Malvano
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Photomultiplier Tubes in Biosensors
2009Photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are widely used for the weak light detection in some types of biosensors. A light detection system for biosensors based on PMT generally contains optic fibers, PMT, and filters. Basic principles of those accessories were provided in this chapter.
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Microphony in photomultipliers
Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium - NSS'94, 1994Vibration, caused by rotating equipment such as vacuum pumps, and shock, due to sudden impulses, are the main sources of microphonic effects in photomultipliers. Resonant vibrations in the dynode structure in the vicinity of the anode of the multiplier generate an unwanted current analogue at the anode.
R.M. McAlpine, A.G. Wright
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Instability of photomultipliers
British Journal of Applied Physics, 1955A phenomenon of dark current instability in specified types of electrostatically focused photomultiplier tubes is described. Particular attention is drawn to the variation with glass envelope potential of dark current fiuctuation under fixed circuit constant conditions. The degree of instability does not appear to be related to the relative photometric
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Photoemission and photomultipliers
Proceedings of the IEEE, 1963A discussion is presented of photoemission and photomultipliers for the practical user of phototubes with emphasis on those parameters of importance in applications such as scintillation counting. A short description of the physics of photoemission is followed by a discussion of photosensitivity, temperature dependence of photoemission, effect of ...
W.E. Spicer, F. Wooten
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